CHAP, XLI. LEGUMINA CER. CY TISUS. 593 
situation, as the tree puts out few horizontal roots, and has rather a spread- 
ing head, when it grows rapidly it is apt to be blown aside by high winds. In 
ornamental plantations it prefers a situation somewhat shaded, as the flowers 
soon fade, and the leaves assume a paler green, when exposed to the full 
influence of the sun. When planted with a view to producing timber, it 
should be placed in masses in a sheltered situation, or in a plantation among 
other trees, so as to be drawn up with a clear straight stem; and when so 
circumstanced, in good soil, C. (Z) alpinus will grow to the height of from 
35 ft. to 45 ft. 
Propagation and Culture. Both C. Labarnum and C. (Z.) alpinus are 
invariably raised from seed, and the pendulous and other varieties are propa- 
gated by grafting or budding on either of the common sorts. The seeds are 
fit to gather in October; and they may be kept in the pod, in a dry airy loft, 
till the March following, when they should be sown in beds of light soil, at 
about an inch apart every way, and covered about half an inch or three 
quarters of an inch thick. Half the plants which come up will be fit for 
transplanting into nursery lines in the November following. 
Statistics. The returns of dimensions which we have received being, in general, for C¥tisus La- 
barnum, we are uncertain which of them may be for that species, and which for C. alpinus; but we 
have selected a few, leaving the reader to draw his own conclusion, from the dimensions and the rate 
of growth given. 
C. Labirnum and C. (L.) alpinus in the Neighbourhood of London. The largest and oldest trees 
are at Syon, where some of C. alpinus are from 30 ft. to 40 ft. high. At Purser’s Cross, there are 
some above 30 ft. high. At Kenwood, at Upton House, and in the Mile End Nursery, there are also 
some very large trees. One at Kenwood, 40 years planted, has the diameter of the trunk, at 1 ft. 
from the ground, 15 in., and of the head 24 ft., though it is only 20 ft. high. 
C. Labirnum and C. (L.) alpinus South of London: In Surrey, at Farnham Castle, from 80 ft. to 
40 ft. high ; at Bagshot Park, 20 years planted, and 22 ft, high. In Wiltshire, at Wardour Castle, 20 
years planted, and 30 ft. high, diameter of trunk 9in., and of the head 31ft. In the Isle of Jersey, 10 
years planted, 13 ft. high. 
C. Labirnum and C. (L.) alpinus North of London. In Durham, at Southend, 18 years planted, 
and 14 ft. high. In Hertfordshire, at Cheshunt, the oak-leaved variety, 6 years planted, is 13 ft. high. 
In Oxfordshire, in the Oxford Botanic Garden, 14 years planted, 18 ft. high. In Shropshire, at 
Hardwicke Grange, 10 years planted, and 23 ft. high. In Yorkshire, at Grimston, 10 years planted, 
and 25 ft. high. 
C. Labiirnum and C. (L.) alpinus in Scotland. n Clackmannanshire, in the garden of the Dollar 
Institution, 20 ft. high. In Peadainntcasiine. C. (Z.) alpinus, 40 ft., the diameter of the trunk 18 in., 
and of the head 32 ft., on loam, ona gravelly subsoil, and the situation sheltered. In the Perth Nur- 
sery, C. (L.) alpinus, 30 years planted, and 23 ft. high. In Renfrewshire, at Bothwell Castle, C. (L.) 
alpinus, 49 years planted, 33 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 18 in., and of the head 42 ft. In Ross-shire, 
at Castle Lead, a tree with a trunk nearly 11 ft. in circumference. In Stirlingshire, at Sanchie, 40 ft. 
high, the trunk 2 ft. in diameter, and the diameter of the head 48 ft. 
C. Labirnum and C. (L.) alpinus in Ireland.. Near Dublin, at Cypress Grove, 18 ft. high, dia- 
meter of trunk 9in., and of the head 21ft. At Terenure, 15 years planted, and 12ft. high. In 
Fermanagh, at Fiorence Court, 30 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft., and of the head 25 ft. In 
Galway, at Coole, 29 ft. high. In Tyrone, at Baron’s Court, 40 years planted, and 35 ft. high, diameter 
of the trunk 2ft.2in., and of the head 42 ft. At Baron’s Court, besides the above, are thousands of 
laburnums of large size, intermixed with the plantations. 
C. Labiirnum and C. (L.) alpinus in Foreign Countries. In France, in the Jardin des Plantes, 
32ft. high; at Nantes, in the nursery of M. De Nerriéres, 40 years planted, and 30 ft. high. In 
Saxony, at Worlitz, C. Labarnum, 45 years planted, and 20 ft. high; and C. (Z.) alpinus, 35 years 
planted, and 30 ft. high. In Austria, at Laxenburg, 20 years planted, and 16ft. high; at 
Hadersdorf, 10 years planted, and 14 ft. high ; at Briick on the Leytha, the oak-leaved variety, 20 
years planted, and 30ft. high. In Prassia, in the Botanic Garden at Berlin, C. (L.) alpinus has attained 
the height of 18 ft. in 15 years; and C. Labirnum, 16 ft. in 10 years; the latter is very frequently in. 
jured by the frost: at Sans Souci, 13 years planted, and 17 ft. high. In Bavaria, at Munich, in the 
Botanic Garden, C, (L.) alpinus, ‘4 years planted, and Q0ft. high. In Sweden, at Stockholm, 5 years 
planted, and 2ft. high, as a standard, and 6ft. high against a wall; at Lund, in the Botanic Garden, 
from 20 ft. to 24 ft. high. In Switzerland, near Geneva, at Bossiére, 40 ft. high. 
Commercial Statistics. _ Price of seedling plants, in London, 4s. a thousand ; 
transplanted plants, from 2 ft. to 3 ft. high, 50s. a thousand ; from 5 ft. to 7 ft. 
high, 25s. a hundred; and the weeping and other varieties, 2s. 6d.. each. 
Seeds of C. Laburnum, Is. 6d. per lb. ; and of C. [Z.] alpinus, 4s. per lb. At 
Bollwyller, plants of the species are 50 cents each; of the broad-leaved, or 
Scotch, laburnum, 1 franc; of the cut-leaved variety, 1 franc; and of the 
purple-flowered variety, 3 francs. In New York, the species and the varieties 
are 50 cents each, with the exception of the weeping sort, which is 1 dollar; 
and the purple-flowered variety, which they do not appear to possess. 
& 4. C. nI’ericaNns LL. The black Cytisus.: 
Identification. Lin. Sp., 1041.; Dec. Prod., 2. p.153.; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 155. 
Engravings. Jacq. Austr., t.378.; Ker Bot. Reg,; t. 802. ; Lam. Ill, t..618. £ 3.; N.Du Ham., 5. 
t, 46. f. 1.; and our fig, 283. 
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