CHAP. XLI. LEGUMINA CEE. CY’TISUS. - 597 
The principal uses of the broom in Britain, in plantations, are asa shelter for 
game; and, when cut down, for besoms, fuel, shelters (that is, for filling in hur- 
dles or railings of fences, in the manner of reed-hurdles), and for thatch for 
ricks and cottages. It has been sometimes sown on poor exposed soils, in 
order to form a shelter, preparatory to the insertion of plants or seeds of 
timber trees, in the same manner as furze (see p. 573.) is on rich soils; but, 
though it affords shelter to the tops of the plants, yet it exhausts the soil to 
such a degree as to do them more harm than good. As an undergrowth, to 
protect game, among trees, whatever may be the nature of the soil, it doubt- 
less exhausts it, and naturally checks the growth of the trees. It can only, 
therefore, be recommended as undergrowth where game is considered of more 
value than timber. ‘In ornamental plantations, it forms a splendid plant when 
allowed to attain a large size; and, for this purpose, it is sometimes grafted 
standard high on Cytisus (Z.) alpinus. 
Propagation and Culture. The broom produces abundance of seeds, which, 
according to M. Hartig, retain their germinating quality for a very long time: 
some that he kept 25 years, in a room which was occupied, having come up as 
well as new seed. Hence fields that have been many years in pasture, 
when broken up for corn, sometimes produce abundance of young plants of 
broom; or, when woods have been grubbed up, or even the surface of the 
ground burned, the same thing has happened. (See Gard. Mag.,x. p. 81.) 
The seeds, when sown as soon as gathered, or in the following spring, come 
up in part in the June following, and in part remain in the ground till the 
next April or May. When sown as a shelter for game, the ground, if an 
open field, is prepared by ploughing, or, if among trees, by digging in patches, 
and scattering the seeds in the same manner as recommended for furze. No 
farther culture is requisite than pulling out the larger weeds the first year. 
Price of the seeds, in London, is 1s. a pound; price of plants of C. s. albus, 
from ls. 6d. to 2s. 6d.; of C.s. flore pleno, 2s. 6d.; at New York, where it is 
called Scotch broom, plants are 373 cents each. 
§ iti. Calycotome Link. 
Derivation. From kalyx, acalyx, and tomé, a cutting; in reference to the calyx, the upper part of 
which, after some time, falls off,in such a manner as to give the remainder the appearance of 
being cut round. 
Sect. Char, Calyx campanulate, somewhat bilabiate, at length becoming 
truncate. Pod thickened on the upper suture. Shrubs with spiny 
branches and yellow flowers. (Dee. Prod., ii. p. 154.) 
% 1]. C. spino‘sus Lam. The spiny Cytisus, 
Identification. Wam. Dict., 2. p. 247. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 154.; Don’s Mill, 2.p. 155. 
Synonyme. Spartium spindsum Lin. Sp., 997. 
Engravings. J. Bauh. Hist., 1.p. 2. p.376., icon.; Lob. Icon., 2. t. 95. 
Spec. Char., §c. Branches angled, spiny. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets obovate-oblong. Legumes per- 
fectly smooth. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 154.) Upon bills and rough places from Perpignan to Genoa, in 
Corsica, and in the Algerine country, where it attains the height of from 2 ft. to 10 ft.; producing 
ee flowers in June and July. It was introduced in 1596, but is not very common in British 
collections. 
% 12. C. Lant’GeRus Dec. The wool-bearing Cytisus. 
Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 154. ; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 155. 
Synonymes. Spartium lanigerum Desf. Fi. Ati.,2. p. 135.; Calycétome villdsa Link Enum.; Spartium 
villdsum Brot. Fl. Lus., 2. p.85., and Potr. Voy., 2. p. 207. 
Spec. Char., §c. Branches furrowed, spiny. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets obovate-elliptical. Legumes 
very hairy in a woolly manner. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 154.) 
Variety. 
2 C. 1. 2 rigidus Dec. Spines very strong. 
Description, The species is a shrub, between 2 ft. and 10 ft. high, wild on hills and in rough places 
in Corsica, Crete, the Archipelago, Mauritania, Gibraltar, and Portugal ; producing its yellow flowers 
from June to July. It was introduced in 1821, but is not common in collections: in all probability, it 
is nothing more than a variety of the preceding species, 
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