656 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III, 
Genus XXI. 
GYMNO’CLADUS Lam. Tue Gymnociapus. Lin. Syst. Dicecia 
Decandria. 
Identification. Lam. Dict., 1. p. 733. ; Ill. t. 823.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 479. 
Derivation. From gumnos, naked, and klados, abranch ; from the naked appearance of the branches 
during winter, when they seem, unless perhaps at the points of the shoots, totally devoid of buds. 
Description, There is only one species, a deciduous tree, with upright 
branches, and inconspicuous buds. 
1. G.canape’nsts Lam. The Canada Gymnocladus, or Kentucky 
Coffee Tree. 
Identification Lam. Dict., 1. p.733., and IIL, t. 823. ; Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 241. ; Dec. Prod., 2. 
p. 480. ; Don’s Mill., 2, p. 429. 
Synonymes. Guilandina dioica Lin. Sp., 546.; Hyperanthéra dioica Vahl Symb., 1. p. 31., Duh. 
Arb., 1. t.103.; Nicker Tree, Stump Tree, United States ; Bonduc, Chiquier, Fr.; Chicot, Ca- 
nadian ; Canadischer Schusserbaum, Ger. 
Engravings. Reich. Mag., t.40., Duh, Arb., t. 103.; and our plates of this tree in Vol. IJ. 
Spec. Char., §c. A deciduous tree, with branches blunt at the tip, bipinnate 
leaves, flowers in racemes, and whitish petals. The leaf has 4—7 pinne ; 
the lower of which consist each of but a single leaflet, the rest each 
of 6—8 pairs of leaflets. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 480.) A native of Canada, 
introduced in 1748; growing, in England, to the height of 30 ft. or 40 ft.; 
and flowering in August. 
Description. In its native country, this tree grows to the height of 50 ft. 
or 60 ft., with a trunk from 12in.to 15in. in diameter. The branches have 
almost always an upright direction; and the appearance of the head, in the 
winter season, is remarkable, from being fastigiate, and from the points of 
the branches being few, and thick and blunt, as compared with those of almost 
every other tree. They are also wholly without the appearance of buds; 
and this latter circumstance, connected with the former, gives the tree, during 
winter, the appearance of being dead ; and hence the Canadian name of chicot, 
or stump tree. The bark of the trunk is extremely rough, and detaches 
itself, after a certain age, in small, hard, transverse slips, rolled backwards at 
the end, and projecting sufficiently to distinguish the tree from every other, even 
at a distance. When the tree is clothed with leaves, the head forms a dense 
mass, roundish or oval. The leaves, on young thriving trees, are 3 ft. long, 
and 20in. wide; but, on trees nearly full grown, they are not half that size. 
The leaflets are of a dull bluish green, and the branches of the petioles are 
somewhat of a violet colour. The flowers are white, in spikes of 2 in. or more 
in length: they appear from May to July, and are succeeded by large cimeter- 
shaped pods, 5in. or more in length, and about 2in. or more in breadth. The 
roots of the tree are few, thick, and directed downwards, as the branches are 
upwards, rather than horizontally. 
Geography. |The gymnocladus grows in Upper Canada, beyond Montreal, 
and on the borders of Lakes Ontario and Erie; but it is only sparingly found 
in these places, which are its northern limits. It is abundant in Kentucky 
and Tennessee, in the tracts which border the Ohio and Illinois rivers, 
between lat. 35° and 40° Nn. It is there found along with Jiglans nigra, 
U’Imus rtbra, Liriodéndron Tulipifera, /raxinus quadrangulata, Gleditschia 
triacanthos, and more especially with Céltis occidentalis. It is never found 
but on the very richest soils. : 
History. This tree was introduced into England in 1748, and was culti- 
vated by Archibald Duke of Argyll, at Whitten, where it is believed the 
original tree still exists. Being very hardy, and remarkable for the beauty of 
its foliage during summer, it has found its way into most collections in 
England, and is also cultivated in France and the south of Germany. 
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