CHAP. XLI. LEGUMINA CE. GYMNO’CLADUS. 657 
Properties and Uses. The wood is very hard and compact; it is also 
strong and tough, and of a fine rose colour. In America, it is used both in 
cabinet-making and carpentry, and, like the wood of the robinia, it has the 
remarkable property of rapidly converting its sap-wood into heart-wood; so 
that a trunk 6 in. in diameter has not more than six lines of sap-wood, and 
may, consequently, be almost entirely employed for useful purposes. The 
seeds were, at one time, roasted and ground as a substitute for coffee in 
Kentucky and Tennessee; but their use in this way has been long since dis- 
continued. The pods, preserved like those of the tamarind (to which this 
genus is nearly allied), are said to be wholesome, and slightly aperient. The 
live bark is extremely bitter; so that a morsel, no bigger than a grain of 
maize, chewed for some time, causes a violent irritation in the throat. In 
Britain, the only use of the tree is for ornamental purposes ; and, considered 
as an object of curiosity and beauty, no collection ought to be without it. 
Soil, Situation, Propagation, §c. A rich, deep, free soil is essential to the 
thriving of this tree; and such a soil is never met with naturally in exposed 
situations. The tree is generally propagated by imported seeds; but it will 
grow freely from cuttings of the roots, care being taken in planting to keep 
that end upwards which is naturally so. 
Statistics. Gymnécladus canadénsis in England. In the environs of London, at Whitton, 87 years 
planted, and 60 ft. high ; at Syon, 54 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 18 in. and of the head 39 ft. (see 
our plate of this tree in Vol. II.) ; in the Mile End Nursery, 35 ft. ; at Kenwood, 25 years planted, and 
20 ft. high.— South of London. In Kent, at Cobham Hall, 25 years planted, and 20ft. high, In Surrey, 
at St. Anne’s Hill, 30 years planted, and 45 ft. high; at Claremont, 45 ft. high, the diameter of the 
trunk 18in., and of the head 35 ft.; at Walton, 42 years planted, and 50 ft. high, diameter of the 
trunk 18 in., and of the head 33 ft. ; at Farnham Castle, 45 years planted, and 25ft. high, the diameter 
of the trunk 12in., in’ poor soil on chalk.—North of London. In Cheshire, at Kinmel Park, 5 years 
planted, and 5 ft. high. In Hertfordshire, at Cheshunt, 7 years planted, and 12ft. high. In Oxford- 
shire, in the Oxford Botanic Garden, 40 years planted, and 35 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 
2in., and of the head 15 ft. In Worcestershire, at Croome, 40 years planted, and 60 ft. high, diameter 
of the trunk 18 in., and of the head 30 ft. : 
Gymnécladus canadénsis in Scotland. In the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, 15 ft. high; in Law- 
son’s Nursery, 10 years planted, and 6ft. high; in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, 12 years planted, 
and 13 ft. high ; in the Perth Nursery, 12 ft. high. 
Gymnicladus canadénsis in Ireland. In the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 25 years planted, and 24 ft. 
high, diameter of the trunk 6 in., and of the head 7 ft. ; at Terenure, 20 years planted, and 15 ft. high ; 
in the Cullenswood Nursery, 10 years planted, and 15 ft. high. 
Gymndcladus canadénsis in Foreign Countries. In France, at Paris, in the Jardin des Plantes, 60 
years planted, and 55 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 20 in., and of the head 40 ft. ; at Scéaux, 18 
years planted, and 30 ft high; in the Botanic Garden at Toulon, 20 years planted, and 25 ft. high; in 
the Botanic Garden at Metz, 32 years planted, and 40 ft. high; at Colombier, near Metz, 60 years 
planted, and 65ft. high. In Austria, at Vienna, 13 years planted, and 30 ft. high. In Prussia, at 
Berlin, at Sans Souci, 30 years planted, and 30 ft. high ; in the Pfauen Insel, 8 years planted, and 
22 ft. high. In Hanover, in the Botanic Garden at Géttingen, 25 years planted, and 30 ft. high. In 
Italy, at Monza, 29 years planted, and 40 ft. high. 
Commercial Statistics. Plants in the London nurseries are 2s. 6d. each; at 
Bollwyller, 1 franc and 50 cents; and at New York, 50 cents. 
Genus XXII. 
CE’RCIS L. Tue Jupas Tree. Lin. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. 
Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 510.; Lam. UL, t. 328.; Gert. Fruct., t.144.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 518. ; 
Don’s Mill., 2. p. 463. 
Synonymes. Siliquastrum Tourn. Inst., t.414.; Moench Meth. ; Gainier Fr.; Judasbaum, Ger. 
Derivation. From kerkis,a shuttlecock, the name given by Theophrastus to this tree. 
Description, §c. Leaves simple, heart-shaped at the base, many-nerved, 
entire, protruded after the flowers ; these borne in groups, each on a pedicel 
proceeding directly from the trunk or branches. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 518.) 
Deciduous trees of the third rank, or shrubs, natives of Europe, or North 
America. 
¥ 1. C. Smiqua’strumM L. The common Judas Tree. 
Identification. Lin. Sp., 534. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 518.; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 463. 
Synonymes. Siliquastrum orbiculatum Maench Meth. ; Love Tree ; Gainier commun, Arbre de Judée, 
Fr.; Arbol @ Amor, Span. ; Judasbaum, Ger. 
pag ee N. Du Ham., t.7.; Bot. Mag., t. 1138. ; Mill. Icon., 253. ; and the plates of this species 
in Vol. II, 
Yor. 2 
