744 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
for this purpose they should be gathered before they are dead ripe; because, 
if left too long on the bush, they are apt to acquire a musty flavour. They 
are also used for making a rob, or jam, which is considered good for sore 
throats. In some parts of France, where they are called mires sauvages 
(wild mulberries), they are used for colouring wine; and the red muscat of 
Toulon is so coloured. The juice, mixed with raisin wine before it has fer- 
mented, will give it both the colour and flavour of claret. Many medical 
properties were formerly attributed to this plant. In French Guiana, the 
fruit is gathered and given to swine. The leaves are sometimes used for 
feeding silkworms, as a substitute for those of the mulberry. They are 
much more astringent than the fruit; and a decoction of them, in the time 
of Gerard, was in repute as a gargle. The green twigs have been used in 
dyeing woollen, silk, and mohair, black. The common bramble has fre- 
quently been used for raising live hedges in a poor sandy soil (see Martyn’s 
Miller, and Young’s Annals, vol. ii. p. 342.) ; but it cannot be recommended 
for this purpose, on account of the great space which it occupies. On drift 
sands, the bramble may be sown or planted, with a view to fixing the soil, and 
as a preparation for forest trees. The shoots of R. fruticosus, and of all 
the strong-growing varieties of bramble, are used by thatchers for binding on 
their thatch ; and the smaller shoots by the makers of straw beehives and 
straw seed-baskets, for sowing the different layers of straw rope together. For 
the latter purpose, the shoots are drawn through a cleft stick, as well to bruise 
them, and thus render them less liable to break when bent, as to deprive 
them of their prickles. Where &. cz‘sius abounds, its shoots are preferred 
by the makers of beehives, as being smaller and tougher ; and those of R. cory- 
lifolius by the thatchers, as having fewer prickles. In landscape-gardening, 
where the object is to imitate wild nature, the common bramble forms an 
admirable plant; and, soon after the publication of Price’s Essays on the Pic- 
turesque, it was used for this purpose at a few places, and, among others, at 
St. Mary’s Isle; but there the contrast between wildness and high cultivation 
was not sufficiently great to render the effect produced of lasting interest. 
In consequence of feeling this, the brambles have, for a number of years 
past, been gradually being removed. ‘Thickets of brambles, in some of the 
public squares in London, or in Hyde Park, or Kensington Gardens, would 
have the full effect of strongly contrasted character ; but they could never be 
considered as producing scenery entitled to the appellation of artistical. 
« 23. R. sa’notus Schreb. The holy Bramble. 
Identification. Schreb. Dec., p. 15. t. 8. ; Desf. Cor., 80. t.61.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 561.; Don’s Mill., 
2. p. 535. 
Synonyme. R. obtusifolius Willd. Enum. Suppl., 38., according to Link, Enum., 2. p. 61. 
Engravings. Schreb. Dec., t. 8. ; Desf. Cor., 80. t. 61. 
Spec. Char., §c. Stem frutescent, indistinctly angled, downy, prickly with recurved prickles. Leaf 
usually of 3 leaflets, rarely undivided. Leaflets ovate, obtuse, serrated, tomentose beneath. 
Flowers mostly terminal, in a sort of panicle. Sepals ovate, tomentose, reflexed, short. (Dec. 
Prod., ii. p.561.) A native of the East, but why called sanctus does not appear. It is a straggling 
prostrate plant, producing pink flowers in June and July, and said to have been in cultivation since 
1823 ; but we have not seen it. 
% 24. R. CANE’scENS Dec. The grey Bramble. 
Identification. Dec, Cat. Hort. Monsp., p.139.; Fl. Fr., 5. p.545.; Prod., 2. p. 561.; Don’s Mill., 2. 
p. 535. 
Spec. Char., &c. Stem shrubby, tall. Petioles and peduncles tomentose and prickly. Leaflets 5 or 3, 
obovate-oblong, toothed with a few large teeth, whitish and velvety upon both surfaces. Flowers 
in panicles. Calyx tomentose, (Dec. Prod., ii. p.56].) A native of the Alps of Piedmont, near 
Vinadio, with white flowers ; said to have been introduced in 1820; but we have not seen the plant. 
« 25. R. seTo‘sus Big. The bristly-stemmed Bramble. 
Identification. Bigelow in Litt.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 563.; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 536, 
Spec. Char., §c. Stem very hispid. Branches bristly at the tip. Leaves composed of a long petiole 
and 3 leaflets, that are obovate-wedge-shaped, serrated, and glabrous. Stipules spathulate-linear. 
| Flowers upon filiform peduncles, and in racemes. Sepals lanceolate, tomentose, bristly. Petals 
obovate-wedge-shaped, longer than the sepals. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 563.) A native of North America, 
near Montreal, which we have not seen. 
« 26. R. areu‘tus Lk. The sharp-toothed-leafiected Bramble. 
Identification. Lk. Enum., 2. p. 60.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 563. ; Don’s Mill, 2. p. 537. 
Spec. Char., &§c. Stem frutescent, prickly and hairy. Prickles straightish, small. Leaflets 3—5, 
oblong, acuminate, rather tapered at the base, doubly and sharply serrate, downy beneath. Flowers 
