784 ARBORETUM AND IFRUTICETUM. PART III. 
every country in the northern hemisphere, both in the Old and New World. 
It extends from Sweden to the north of Africa, and from Kamtschatka 
to Bengal and China. In North America, it ranges between the Hudson 
and the mountains of Mexico; but it is not found in South America, or in 
Australia. According to Dr. Lindley (Ros. Monog., p. 29.), the species 
are all included between 70° and 20° north latitude, except R. Monte- 
zume, from Mexico, which is found in 19° north latitude, at an elevation 
of more than 9300 ft. above the level of the sea. 18 species, or sorts, 
are natives of Russia and the adjacent countries; 5 are common both to 
Europe and Asia; 15 have been found in China; and 6 in the north 
of India. Europe. has 25 species, of which five sixths are found be- 
tween the limits of 40° and 50° north latitude. “ To the south of this 
range, they decrease in number much more rapidly than to the north. 
Britain, which lies just without its northern limits, has 10 species, Den- 
mark 7, and Holland 13; whilst in Spain, Portugal, and the Levant, which 
bear nearly the same relation to it on the south, only 4 species have been 
observed. Many are peculiar to certain districts, as R. revérsa, R. myria- 
cantha, FR. hibérnica, and R. involita; others to countries, as the R. majalis 
of Sweden and Denmark, and the R. glutindsa of the Levant. Some few 
are only confined by the extreme limits of the genus: thus #. spinosissima 
is alike common to the dreary wilds of Iceland, and to the sultry shores 
of the Mediterranean; and #. canina grows from the confines of Anger- 
mania in Sweden, to the most southern regions of Europe, thence extending 
into Egypt. 
“In the north of Africa are 2 species peculiar to that country; and 2 
others common to it and Europe. 14 species have been found in North 
America; none of which, except R. Montezume and R. stricta, have much 
general resemblance to European roses. It is not unworthy of notice, that 
the R. levigata of the woods of Georgia is so similar to the &. sinica of 
China, as not to be immediately distinguishable from it.” (Lindl. Monog., 
introd. p. 30.) 
The rose, in a wild state, is more frequently found on soils that are dry and 
free, than on such as are moist and tenacious ; and, with the exception of the 
climbing kinds, it is more common among bushes of its own height, than in 
woods; thus indicating to the cultivator that it ought neither to be altogether 
exposed to the sun, nor entirely excluded from its rays, In the north of 
Europe, wild roses have always single flowers; but in the south of Europe, 
particularly in the warmest parts of Italy, Greece, and Spain, it is not uncom- 
mon to find roses with double flowers growing spontaneously in the fields, 
woods, and meadows. t 
History. The rose is mentioned by the earliest writers of antiquity as an 
object of culture. Herodotus speaks of the double rose, and Solomon of the 
rose of Sharon, and of the plantations of roses at Jericho. Theophrastus 
tells us that the hundred-leaved rose grew, in his time, on Mount Pangzeus ; 
and it appears that the Isle of Rhodes (Isle of Roses) received its name from 
the culture of roses carried on there. Pliny mentions several sorts of roses 
which were cultivated by the Romans; and that those of Praeneste, Campania, 
Miletus, and Cyrene were the most celebrated. 
The Przeneste roses are thought by Thory, De Leuze, and other French 
authors, to belong to the species Rosa damascéna, No. 35. fig. 490. p.759.; 
those of Campania to Rosa centifolia, No. 36. fig. 491. p. 760.; and 
those of Miletus to Rosa gallica, No. 37. fig. 493. p. 760. Pliny says 
nothing in the way of description of the roses of Praeneste ; but they are, no 
doubt, those referred to by Virgil, as “biferique rosaria Peesti,” the twice- 
bearing roses of Pzstum, a village of Latium, about twenty miles from Rome. 
Of the roses of Campania, Pliny says that they have a hundred leaves, and 
that they are found in Campania in Italy, and about Philippi in Greece. 
They do not grow naturally, he adds, in the neighbourhood of Philippi, 
but they were brought there from Mount Pangzeus, which is not far thence, 
