794 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
next to diminish their number: the leaves then gradually become smaller, 
and the length of the shoots less; after which the plant weakens by degrees, 
and, in a few years, ifa standard, it dies altogether, or, if a dwarf, barely exists, 
and seldom, if ever, flowers. 
Situation in Garden Scenery. In country residences, roses are generally dis- 
tributed in the margins of shrubberies along with other flowering shrubs: but, 
considering the culture they require, it is impossible they can thrive in such a 
situation ; and, even if they did thrive, the kind of beauty which they would 
produce would be of a character so different from that of a general shrubbery, 
as, according to the principles of a reasonable taste, to require their exclusion 
from it. The only roses fit to be planted in a shrubbery are the single kinds, 
in their wild state. Roses, and all other kinds of shrubs or trees, that are 
far removed from a state of nature, and valued for something produced by 
art, either in their flowers, fruit, bark, or leaves, should be grown in situ- 
ations where the art which produced the artificial effect can be employed. 
Hence all fruit-bearing trees and shrubs should be grown in orchards, in 
kitchen-gardens, or in some place by themselves, so as to admit of properly 
cultivating the soil, and managing the plants. Roses, and all double-flowering 
shrubs, ought, in like manner, to be grown by themselves; and the same prin- 
ciple will apply to shrubs having any peculiarity in their foliage, and even 
in their mode of growth. The continuation of the peculiarity may not always 
require a rich soil; on the contrary, it will generally be found to have 
been produced by a soil and situation of a peculiar nature: but that pe- 
culiarity of soil it is as much the object of art to imitate, as it is to form 
the rich soil, and favourable situation, which produce large or double 
flowers, or large and succulent fruit. Hence, to cultivate roses properly, 
they must be grown either in groups by themselves on a lawn, or in a 
flower-garden; or be connected into a system of groups, or beds, in a 
rosarium, or rose-garden. 
Rosarium, or Rosetum. Where it is intended to plant a collection of 
roses, the best effect will be produced by devoting a group to each section ; 
such as one to moss roses, another to Noisettes, a third to Scotch roses, 
&c. These groups ought generally to be planted with dwarfs rather than 
standards ; because the former are more conveniently looked upon by the 
spectator: but a handsome standard may, frequently, occupy the centre of 
each group, if it is a circle or a square; and two or three in a line, or radiating 
from a point, if it is of a long or an irregular form. Sometimes a group may 
be surrounded by a row of standards, which, in that case, should have clear 
stems, not less than 7 ft. high, through which the dwarf roses may be seen by 
persons walking round the group. Standard roses, in general, have the best 
effect when formed into an avenue along the margin of a walk; and for this 
purpose they are very suitable for common flower-gardens, where the groups, 
instead of being planted with dwarf roses, are filled with herbaceous plants. 
The sizes of the different groups in a rosarium ought to be proportioned to 
the number of varieties belonging to the section to be planted in each. For 
these purposes, the catalogue of Messrs. Rivers may be taken as a basis ; and, as 
it contains seventeen groups, exclusive of the climbers, these may be represented 
by seventeen circles of different diameters, or by seventeen squares, parallelo- 
grams, or clusters of irregular-shaped figures, bearing the same proportion to 
each other in regard to superficial contents. For each kind of rose to be 
planted in the group, a square yard ought to be allowed if a dwarf, and more 
if a standard; because, to admit of roses being displayed to the greatest 
advantage, every plant, whether a standard or a dwarf, ought to be free on 
every side. Fig. 525. is a design for a rosarium by E. B, Lamb, Esgq., well 
known for his elegant designs in our Encyclopedia of Cottage Architecture, 
and our Architectural Magazine. The groups in this design are calculated to 
contain the entire collection of Messrs. Rivers, with the exception of the 
climbers, which, we think, have a better effect planted in an open arcade, 
or in a row of columns or obelisks, than crowded together in one group. 
