CHAP. XLII. ROSA CEM. ROSA. 797 
sents the arcade; 6 6, beds for the dwarf plants; and ec, rows of standards 
belonging to that section planted in small borders exterior to the walk. By 
having the portions of arcade always at regular distances from each other, 
the unity of effect in the perspective, to a person walking through it, will be 
kept up ; while the bed, or beds, devoted to each section, though always of the 
same length, might be regulated, in point of breadth, so as always to give the 
precise superficial contents required. By surrounding these beds with a row 
of standards of the same kind as the dwarfs, the scene would be shut in; 
and, on that account, its effect would be stronger. Instead of separating 
each group into two beds to make room for the central walk, as in jig. 527., 
they might be united in one, and surrounded by a walk, as in jig. 526.; but, 
though this might improve the view of a straight arcade from one end, we 
apprehend it would considerably lessen the enjoyment of walking through it, 
by the regularly repeated interruptions which the beds would produce. The 
piers of the arcade ought to present their edges to the walk; and they should 
not rise up out of the soil, or abruptly from the gravel, but from a plinth of 
stone on its margin: while the plants ought always to rise, not from the gravel 
or the turf, but from a dug spot; because no improved rose will thrive, for 
any length of time, in ground which is not frequently stirred and manured. 
Arcades of Roses. When roses are grown in arcades, and the flowers are to 
be seen from below, the arches on which the plants are trained should always 
be at such a distance from each other as freely to admit the light between 
them; otherwise, the finest roses will be produced on the exterior surface of 
the arcade, and few or none be seen from the inside; the plants will, also, 
soon become naked below. The best mode for growing the plants, and dis- 
playing their blossoms to a spectator on the walk, is to form the arches of 
trelliswork, about 1ft. or 18 in. in width; = 
and to place them along the walk, not nearer 40 > 
than 6 ft. or 8ft. apart, as indicated in jig. 
526. atd dd. The reason why the edge 
of the arch of trelliswork is placed to the 
walk, and not its side, as usual, is, the 
better to display the roses on each face of 
the trelliswork to persons passing along the 
walk. The height of the summit of the arches 
ought to be regulated by the distances be- 
tween them; making it such, that, when the 
spectator is standing beneath one arch, he 
may see the summit of another at an angle 528 
of from 30° to 40°. When diagonal arches 
are to be formed, single iron rods only may 
be employed, both for the cross arches, and 
those which are placed diagonally ; but, 
though this forms the handsomest arcade 
to walk under, we do-not think it displays 
the roses to the same advantage as the broad 
arches of trelliswork placed edgewise, which 
we have just mentioned; and of which jg. , 
528. shows the elevation and the ground 
plan. Where the flowers are to be seen from 
without, the arcade may be wholly covered ; 7. 
with shoots; but, in that case, it must be  *+—t—_t 4+ + ifs 
understood to be formed for the shade, and not for the appearance which 
the flowers are to produce to a spectator walking through it. 
Espaliers of Roses, as a substitute for hedges in a flower-garden, may be 
formed, by training them either on a single wire fence (fig. 529., of which 
Jig. 530. is the ground plan), or on a double fence, composed of hoop-iron and 
wire, in the manner indicated in fig. 531. The standards, a a, are of hoop-~ 
iron, and are kept together at top by the rod 6, which passes through them; 


