CHAP. XLII. ROSA‘CER. ROSA, 799 
in the centre; half its shoots being trained on one side, and the other half on 
the other side. We have had an espalier of this kind at Bayswater, covered 
with gooseberry bushes, since 1824. It has been twice painted with gas tar; 
and is now, 1836, nearly as strong as when it was first put up. The total 
expense was about Is. 6d. for a foot in length. i ; 
Climbing Roses, treated as Standards, may be modified into various forms. 
One of the simplest is to train a plant toa pole, of from 10 ft. to 20 ft. in 
height, formed of a young larch of that length, the side branches of which 
have been cut off within 6 in. of the stem. Three such trees, placed together 
in the form of a triangle, about 2 ft. on the side at bottom, and terminating 
at a point about 20 ft. from the ground, produce a very good effect ; and, if 
desirable, the triangle may be enlarged at the base, or the base may be formed 
into a square, and several poles used, so as to give the superstructure the 
character of a pyramid. Where there is no parterre rosarium, the climbing 
roses, planted against such pyramids, would form a very good substitute for 
one. Where the climbing sorts are to form part of a rosarium, and not to be 
planted on arcades or poles, they may be trained to three iron rods, joined by 
smaller rods, as exhibited in fig. 536.; or they may be trained to single rods, 
terminating in cups, parasols, or mandarin hats, as may be recommended for 
wistaria, and other twining plants, and as exemplified in figs. 533, 534, and 
535. Fig. 536. may be executed in a very economical manner, by making 







the standards of hoop iron, which would be kept steady by the small iron 
rods passed horizontally through them. It will be observed that this figure 
terminates in a ball and spike; the use of the latter is to prevent birds from 
perching upon the ball, and dirtying the foliage and flowers below. Where 
a collection of climbers is to be planted in a rosarium, or as a rose avenue 
in a flower-garden, a simple and permanent support, and one, at the same 
time, economical in point of expense, may be formed by single larch trees, 
with the stumps of the branches left on; or with hoop iron, joined by wires, 
as recommended above as a mode of executing fig. 536. This mode is parti- 
cularly suitable where the object is to display Howers the whole height of the 
3H ‘ 
