870 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III, 
fruit ; the fruit of C. frigida and C. affinis, in particular, being produced in 
great abundance, and, being of an intense scarlet colour, have a very splendid 
appearance, and remain on the trees the greater part of the winter. The 
cotoneasters are all readily propagated by seeds, cuttings, layers, or grafting 
on C. yulgaris, on the common quince, or on the hawthorn. Though the 
greater part of the species are natives of Asia, yet in Britain they are found 
to be as hardy as if they were indigenous to the north of Europe, most 
especially those of them that are true evergreens. This is a fact well worthy 
of being noticed, as proving the positive advantages likely to accrue to any 
one country from introducing into it the productions of every other country, 
however different some of these countries may be in civil and geographical 
circumstances. It affords a fine illustration of that law of Providence, by 
which man is enabled, by labour, knowledge, and research, to add greatly 
to his stock of enjoyment and happiness. 
§ i. Leaves deciduous. Shrubs. 
2 1. C. vutca‘ris Lindl. The common Cotoneaster. 
Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p.101.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632.; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 603. 
Synonymes. Méspilus Cotoneaster Lin. Sp., 686., Gd. Fl. Dan., t.112.; Néflier cotonneux, Fr.3 
Quitten-Mispel, Ger. j 
Engravings. Q&d. Fl. Dan., t. 112.; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2713. ; and our jig. 620. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves ovate, rounded at the base. Pe- 60 
duncles and calyxes glabrous. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 632.) 
A native of sunny parts of subalpine hills of Europe 
and of Siberia. It has been in cultivation in British ~ 
gardens since 1656, and was always considered a foreign ff 
plant, till it was lately found, in a wild state, at Orme’s 
Head, in Caernarvonshire. (See Smith’s Eng. Flora, 
vol. iv. p.268.; and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi. p. 55, 56.) 
In its wild state, this species forms a shrub from 2 ft. to 
3ft. high; but in cultivation it attains the height of 4 ft. 
or 5 ft.; and, grafted standard high on the hawthorn or Q 
the mountain ash, it forms a very curious, round-headed, pendent-branched 
tree, as may be seen in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, and in the 
Hammersmith Nursery. It flowers in April and May, and ripens its fruit 
in July and August. 

Varieties. ‘The following three forms of this species are to be met with, both 
in a wild state, and in gardens : — 
% C.v. 1 erythrocarpa Led. Fl. Alt., ii. p.219., has the fruit red when 
ripe. 
zC, he melanocarpa Led. ; Méspilus Cotoneaster Pall. Fl. Ross., i. p. 30. 
t. 14.; MW. melanocarpa Fisch.; C. melanocirpa Lod. Cat.; has the 
fruit black when ripe. 
% C.v. 3 depréssa Fries Nov. Suec., p. 9., Dec. Prod., ii. p. 632., is rather 
spiny, with lanceolate acutish leaves, and fruit including 4 carpels. 
It is a native of the rocks of Sweden near Warberg. - 
% 2. C. (v.) TomENTO'sA Lindl. The tomentose, or woolly, Cotoneaster. 
Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p. 101.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don’s Mill, 2. p. 603. 
Synonymes. Méspilus tomentisa Willd. Sp., 2. p.1012., not Lam.; M. eriocarpa Dec. Fl. Fr. Synops. 
and Suppl., No. 5691. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves elliptical, obtuse at both ends. Peduncles and 
calyxes woolly. (Dec. Prod., ii. p.632.) A shrub, like the preceding 
species, of which it appears to us to be only a variety, found wild on the 
rocks of Jura, and in other parts of the Alps of Switzerland; and in 
cultivation in British gardens since 1759. 
2% 3. C. (v.) LaxiFLo‘ra Jacq. The loose-flowered Cotoneaster. 
Identification. Jacq. ex Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1305. ; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 604. 
Engravings. Bot, Reg., t. 1305. ; and our figs. 621. and 622, 
