880 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
cultivated of all ligneous plants ; the apple and the pear being highly esteemed 
fruits, both in the temperate and transition zones of both hemispheres. These, 
and all the species of the genus, are propagated by grafting on the wild varie- 
ties of each division. We have before stated the price of the grafted fruit 
trees which belong to Rosacez to be, about London, from 1s. to 1s. 6d. each 
for dwarfs, and from 2s. 6d. to 5s. each for standards; at Bollwyller, francs may 
be substituted for shillings; and at New York, cents for halfpence ; the Ame- 
rican cent being about equal to the English halfpenny, or the French sous, and, 
of course, worth 5 French centimes. 
§ i. Pyréphorum Dec. 
Sect. Char. Petals spreading, flat. Styles 5, distinct. Pome more or less 
top-shaped, or subglobose, without a concavity at the base. Pedicels simple, 
umbeled. Leaves simple, not glanded. (Dec. Prod., ii. p.633.) This sec- 
tion comprehends all the pears, properly so called. 
¥* 1. P. commu‘nis L. The common Pear Tree. 
Identification. Lin. Sp , 686.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 633. ; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 605. 
Synonymes. P. A’chras Gertn. Fruct., 2. p. 44. t. 87.; P. sylvéstris Dod. Pempt., 800. ; Pyraster Ray 
Syn., 452. ; Poirier, Fr.; gemeine Birne, or Birnebaum, Ger.; Pero, Ital.; Pera, Span.; and 
Gruschka, Russian. 
En, a Blackw. Herb., t. 453. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1784. ; and the plate of this species in our Second 
olume. 
Spec. Char., §c. Branches and buds glabrous. Leaves ovate, serrated, gla- 
brous upon both surfaces. Flowers corymbose. Wild in the woods of 
Europe, or cultivated in gardens. (Dec. Prod., ii, p. 634.) 
Varieties. De Candolle mentions two forms of the wild species, compara- 
tively permanent ; to which we have added several others, the result of cul- 
tivation, and which are more or less accidental or temporary. To these we 
might have subjoined a class of wild pears with hoary leaves, such as P. 
nivalis, P. salicifolia, &c., which we consider as varieties, or races, though 
commonly treated as species; but we have preferred giving them afterwards 
as distinct sorts. 
¥ P. c.1 A‘chras Wallr. Sched., p. 213.—Spiny leaves ; woolly when young, 
but afterwards glabrous; the disk ovate, acuminate, entire; the 
petiole long. Tube of the calyx woolly when young, afterwards 
becoming glabrous. Pome with its basal part long. 
€ P.c.2 Pyrdster Wallr. Sched., p. 214., Geertn, Fr., t. 87. f. 2. — Spiny. 
Leaves roundish, acute, sharply serrated, glabrous even when young. 
Tube of the calyx, while young, glabrous. Pome rounded at the base. 
¢ P. c. 3 foliis variegatis has variegated leaves. 
¥ P. c. 4 frictu variegato has the skin of the fruit variegated with yellow 
and white. 
¥ P. c. 5 sanguinolénta, the sanguinole Pear, has the flesh of the fruit red, 
or reddish; and, though small and gritty, is not bad to eat when ripe. 
¥ P.c. 6 flore pléno ; Poire de ?Arménie Bon. Jard., p.43.; has double 
flowers. 
¥ P. c. 7 jéspida; Bon Chrétien 4 Bois jaspé Bon Jard., edit. 1836, 
p- 424. ; has the bark of the wood striped with yellow. 
¥ P.c. 8 sativa Dec.— Without spines. This is the cultivated variety, of 
which there are very numerous subvarieties in gardens. For these 
De Candolle refers us to Miller’s Dictionary, and to Du Hamel’s 
Des Arbres Fruitiers ; but, at the present time, by far the most com- 
plete collection in the world, of cultivated pears, is in the garden of 
the London Horticultural Society; and they are described in the 
Fruit Catalogue (edit. 1831) of that body. From this catalogue 
Mr. Thompson has made for us the following selection of sorts 
which are at once deserving of culture as ornamental trees, and as 
producing fruit of first-rate excellence. 
Beurré Diel. Leaves large, and flowers very large. A hardy tree, some- 
what fastigiate in its shape; a great bearer, and deserving of exten- 
