CHAP. XLIII. CALYCANTHA‘CER. / 935 
habitant of the green-house, is, doubtless, as hardy as many plants that are placed against the con- 
servative wall. 
P. caudatum Ait. (Bot. Mag., t. 2341..; and our fig. 658.) is a shrub, a native of the’Canary Islands ; 
introduced in 1779, and growing to the height of from 3ft. to4ft. In the green-house, it produces 
its flowers from January to April, and it is, doubtless, half-hardy. 
Cliffortia ilicifolia L. (Hort. Elth., t. 31. f. 35.) isa shrub, a native of the Cape of Good Hope, which 
has been in our green-houses since 1714. It is interesting in its notched, stem-clasping, stiff, toothed 
leaves; and, with C. obcordata L., another Cape species, well deserves a trial against a conservative 
wall. Both grow to the height of 3 ft., and flower from May to July, or later. 
CHAP. XLIII. 
OF THE HARDY LIGNEOUS PLANTS OF THE ORDER CALYCANTHA'CE#. 
Aut the kinds of plants of this order are ligneous : they are included in two 
genera, Calycanthus Lind/. and Chimonanthus Lindl. Those of the first genus 
are from North America, and quite hardy in England; those of the second 
are from Japan and China, and thrive best, in England (at least, north of 
London), when trained against a wall. “ In the stems of all the plants be- 
longing to this order, there is the usual deposit of concentric circles of wood 
around the pith, and, in addition, four very imperfect centres of deposition on 
the outside next the bark ; a most singular structure, which may be called, 
without much inaccuracy, an instance of exogenous and endogenous growth 
combined in the same individual. A good figure of this interesting peculiarity 
has been given by Mirbel, in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, vol. xiv. p. 367., 
who originally remarked it in one species, and I have since ascertained it to 
exist in all. It must also be added, that the woody tissue of this order ex- 
hibits disks extremely like those of Coniferz.”’ (Dr. Lindley in his Nat. Syst. 
of Botany, p. 160.) The characteristics of the order will be apparent in those 
of the genera, which are as follows :— 
Catyca’ntuus Lindl. Calyx with a pitcher-shaped and rather fleshy tube, 
and a limb consisting of many lobes that are lanceolate, unequal, of a lurid 
purple colour, rather coriaceous, in many series, and imbricate. These 
are the sepals and petals, which are not distinguishable. Stamens many, 
inserted into a fleshy disk at the throat of the tube of the calyx, in many 
series: they are unequal, deciduous; the J2 outer ones fertile, and the 
inner ones sterile. Anthers adnate, outward in their position, of 2 cells, 
which open longitudinally and outwardly. Ovaries many, inserted upon 
the inner face of the wall of the tube of the calyx, and included within the 
tube ; each containing 1—2 ovules, and terminated bya style, which extends 
beyond the tube of the calyx. Stigma simple. Carpel: integument some- 
what horny; seed solitary from the abortion of one of the ovules, ascending, - 
its hilum opposite the point of the attachment of the carpel to the calyx. 
Embryo without albumen, straight; its cotyledons conyolute, its radicle 
inferior. Shrubs, native of North America. Branches brachiate. Leaves 
opposite, feather-nerved, rough. Flowers axillary, terminal, lurid purple 
in colour, sweet-scented. Bark and leaves sweet-scented. (Dec. Prod., iii. 
p- 1. and 2.; and Lindl. Nat. Syst. of Bot., p. 160.) 
Cuimona’ntHUus Lindl. Calyx with oval, obtuse, imbricate lobes resembling 
bracteas, the inner resembling petals. Stamens nearly equal, persistent ; the 
Souter ones fertile, in maturity being connate at the base, and covering over 
the throat of the tube of the calyx. Shrubs, native of Japan and China. 
Flowers appearing before the leaves, solitarily, from the places of axils of old 
leaves; extremely fragrant with a sweet odour; yellowish, with a purple 
interior. Bark and leaves scentless. (Dec. Prod., iii. p.2.; and Lindl. Nat. 
Syst. of Bot., p. 160.) 
