CHAP. XLIV. ’ GRANATA‘CEH. PU‘NICA, 939: 
CHAP. XLIV. 
OF THE HARDY LIGNEOUS PLANTS OF THE ORDER GRANATA‘CER. 
.. Tue genus Pinica was separated from Myrtacee, and formed into this 
order, by Professor Don, in the Edin. Phil. Journ. of July, 1826, p. 134. It 
contains only one genus, and the characteristics of the order will be fo und 
included in the generic character. 
Genus I. 

PU'NICA Tourn. Tue PomeGRANATE TREE. 
Identification. Tourn. Inst., t.401.; Lin. Gen., No. 618. ; Gertn. Fruct., 1. t. 38. ; Dec, Prod., 2. p. 3. ; 
Don’s Mill., 2. p. 653. 
Synonymes. The Carthaginian Apple ; Grenadier, Fr. ; Granate, Ger. ; Melograno, Ital. ; Granados, 
Span. 
Derivation. Pinica is said, in the Nowveau Du Hamel, to be derived either from puniceus, scarlet 
in allusion to the scarlet colour of the flowers; or from the same word, or punicus, both signify - 
ing *‘of Carthage; ”’ near which city, Pliny tells us, it was first found. 
Gen. Char. Calyx with its tube top-shaped; its limb with 5—7 lobes ; 
their zestivation valvate. Petals 5—7.. Stamens numerous, with distinct 
filaments, which bear the anthers on their inner side. Style 1, Stigma 1. 
Fruit spherical, crowned with the upper part of the calyx, whose lower part 
forms the fruit’s rind. The fruit does not open, and is divided into two por- 
tions by a horizontal diaphragm. The upper portion consists of 5—9 cells ; 
the lower one is smaller, and consists of 3 cells only: in both, the cells are 
separated by membranous partitions: in the upper, fleshy placentze extend 
from the sides of the fruit to the centre; in the lower, irregular processes 
arise from the bottom. Seeds very numerous, surrounded by a transparent 
shining pulp. Embryo oblong ; its radicle short, straight; its cotyledons 
leafy, spirally convolute-—Small trees, or shrubs, with branchlets imper- 
fectly square, and becoming spiny. Leaves deciduous, opposite, more rarely 
whorled or alternate ; in many instances in groups in the axils ; oblong, entire. 
Flowers scarlet, 2—5 together, almost sessile, and almost terminal upon 
the branchlets. (Dec. Prod., iii. p. 3.) The characters of the fruit and co- 
tyledons, and the circumstance of the leaves being without the dots and the in- 
tramarginal vein, possessed by the leaves of the Myrtacez, have been deemed 
sufficient by Don, De Candolle, and Martius, to distinguish Ptmica as of an 
order distinct from Myrtacez. Lindley, in his Introduction to the Natural 
System of Botany, under Myrtacez, has argued that they are not so; and 
his arguments are interesting to the botanical student. We have, accord- 
ing to our general plan, followed Don’s Miller. 
Description, §c. Low deciduous trees, or shrubs, indigenous to Africa, and 
naturalised in the south of Europe. 
¥ 1. P. Grana‘tum LZ, The common Pomegranate Tree. 
Identification. Lin. Sp., 676. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 3.; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 653. 
“Spec. Char., §c. Stem arboreous. Leaf lanceolate. (Dec. Prod., iii. p. 3.) 
A native of Mauritania, whence it may have migrated into the south of 
Europe, where it is now perfectly indigenous. 
Varieties. 
¥ P. G.1 ribrum Dec. (Prod, iii. p. 3.3; Trew Ehret, t.71. f. 1.3 Poit. et 
Turp. Arbr. Fr., 22.;  Schkuhr Handb., t. 131. b.; Sims Bot. Mag., 
