1010 ARBORETUM AND EFRUTICETUM. PART 11]. 
Synonymes. Cornouiller, Fr. ; Hartriegel, Ger. 
Derivation. From cornu, a horn; the wood being thought to be as hard and as durable as horn. 
Hartriegel signifies hard rail, or hard wood. The name of Dogwood is applied to this genus, 
because, as Parkinson says, in his Paradisus, the fruit of most of the species is not fit even for 
dogs ; but it is more likely to have been given to it from the astringent properties of the bark and 
leaves, a decoction of which was formerly used as a wash for curing the mange, &c., in dogs. 
Description. Deciduous trees and shrubs, natives of Europe and North 
America ; in general very hardy, and of easy propagation and culture in British 
gardens. Most of the species ripen their fruit in England; but they are usually 
propagated by suckers, or by layers or cuttings, The fruit is commonly called 
a berry, but must be botanically a pome, according to Lindley’s definitions of 
kinds of fruit, in his Introd. to Bot., 2d ed., p. 197—204. Price, in the Lon- 
don nurseries, from Is. to Is. 6d. per plant; at Bollwyller, from 1 franc to 
13 franc ; and at New York, from 25 to 50 cents. 
§ i. Nudiflore Dec. 
Derivation. From nudus, naked, and flos, a flower ; the inflorescence being without an inyolucre. 
Sect. Char. Flowers corymbose or panicled, without an involucre. (Dec. 
Prod., iv. p. 271.) 
A. Leaves alternate. 
% 1. C. aLTERNIFO‘LIA L. The alternate-leaved Dogwood. 
Identification. Lin. fil. Suppl., p. 125. ; L’Hérit. Corn., No. 11.; Don’s Mill., 3. p. 398.; Lodd. Cat., 
edit. 1836. 
Synonyme. C. altérna Marsh. 
Engravings. Guimp. Abb. Holz., t. 43.; Schmidt Baum., 2. t. 70.; and our fig. 760. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves alternate, ovate, acute, hoary beneath. Corymbs 
depressed, spreading. Branches warted. Pomes 
purple, globose, about the size of a grain of pepper. 
Leaves on long petioles. Branches green or red- 
dish brown. (Don’s Mil., iii. p. 398.) A native of 
North America, from Canada to Carolina, in shady 
woods on river banks ; where it forms a tree, grow- 
ing 15 ft. or 20 ft. high, and flowering from May 
to July. It was introduced in 1760; is very hardy, 
and is not unfrequent in British collections. At 
Syon, and in the arboretum at Kew, it is from 12 ft. 
to 15ft. high. This species is easily known from 
every other, even at a distance, by the horizontal 
umbelliferous character assumed by the branches, 
which are also dichotomous, with clusters of leaves 
at the joints; and the general colour is that of a 
lively green. The leaves are generally alternate, 
but not unfrequently opposite. 
B. Leaves opposite. 
% 2.C.sancul’ngEA L. The blood-red-leaved, or common, Dogwood. 
Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 171.; Don’s Mill., 3. p. 399. ; Lodd. Cat., edit. 1836. 
Synonymes. C. foe’mina Raii Syn., 460., Ger. Emac., 1467., with.a figure; Virga sanguinea Maitth. 
Vaigr., 1. p. 236., with a figure, Cam. Epit., 159., with a figure; Female Cornel, Dogberry Tree, 
Hound Tree, Hound’s-berry Tree, Prickwood, Gaten or Gatten Tree, Gater or Gatter Tree, Cat- 
teridge Tree, wild Cornel; Cornouiller sauvage, sanguin, or femelle, Puine, or Bois punais, Fr. ; 
rother Hartriegel, Gev. ; Sanguinello, J¢al. 
Derivation. This species is called foe’mina, and Female Cornel, because it bears fruit when very young ; 
whereas Cornus mas produces male blossoms only till the tree is 15 or 20 years old. Virga sanguinea 
is literally the bloody twig, alluding to the colour of the shoots, though they are not nearly so 
red as those of Cornus alba. The names of Dogberry Tree, Hound Tree, &c., arise from the 
same source as Dogwood. (See above.) Prickwood alludes to the use of the wood for skewers ; 
Gaten Tree is a corruption of Gaty treow, the Saxon name for this species; or, as some 
suppose, it is derived from gayta, the Spanish word for a pipe, the wood of this tree being 
more hollow, or full of pith, than that of C. m4s. Catteridge, and all the other somewhat si- 
milar names, are derived from Gaten. Chaucer calls the fruit Gaitres berries, evidently from the 
same origin. The French names of Puine, and Bois punais, bug wood, are from the strong and 
unpleasant smell of the bark and leaves ; and also because a decoction of them forms a wash to 
destroy bugs. Rother Hartriegel signifies red hard rail, or red hard wood. 
Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 249. ; Fl. Dan., t. 481.; N. Du Ham. 2. t. 44. ; and our fig. 761. 
Spec. Char.,§c. Bracteas straight. Leaves ovate, acute, smooth and green 
on both surfaces. Corymbs flat, Branches of a dark red when full grown. 
Leaves 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers greenish white, unpleasantly scented. 
Petals revolute at the sides, Fruit dark purple, and very bitter. (Don’s 

