CHAP. LXI. CORNA‘CEA. CO’RNUS. 1017 
therefore be kept a year in the rotting ground, as directed for haws, and holly 
berries. (See p. 513.) Plants are also raised from layers and suckers. Ifa 
variety, with the fruit of superior quality, could be discovered in the woods of 
France, or in the ancient gardens of convents and chateaus, which still exist 
in some places in Germany, it would be desirable to continue such a variety 
by grafting ; and this mode is also applicable to the varieties with wax-coloured 
fruit, with white fruit, with fleshy round fruit, and with variegated leaves, men- 
tioned by Du Hamel. The situation for the cornel tree should be open, but 
sheltered rather than exposed ; and the soil ought to be good, and more or less 
calcareous. 
Statistics. In the environs of London, there are plants in the arboretum at Kew 15ft. high; and 
others,of similardimensions, at Purser’s Cross, Ham House, and some other places: but, all these trees 
being crowded among others, they seldom produce fruit. Between Hampstead and Hendon, in the 
garden of a villa occupied by Lord Henley, there is a tree which produces fruit annually. The only 
return which we have had of this tree, from any part of England, is from Grimston, in York- 
shire, where a tree, 14 years planted, is 20 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 7 in., and of the head 
14ft. Phillips, in his Syd. Flor., p. 186., mentions two trees at Cowfold in Sussex, of the size of 
moderate cherry or apple trees, which had been abundant bearers for upwards of 30 years. On the 
Continent, and especially in the south of Germany, most old gardens contain one or two speci- 
mens of this tree. On October 23, 1828, when we were on a journey from Donaueschingen to 
Bavaria, we stopped to look at the gardens of the ancient Chateau of Maskirch; and, in a small 
enclosure close to the chateau, we found a labyrinth, the hedge of which consisted entirely of Cérnus 
mas, with standard trees of the same species at regular distances, which were at that time bearing 
ripe fruit, which we tasted, and found of very good flavour. Later in the same year, we were 
shown, in the grounds of the Castle of Heidelberg, the famous cornelian cherry trees which were 
planted there in 1650, already mentioned, p. 147. 
% 10. C. FLo’Ripa L. The Florida Dogwood. 
Identification. Lin. Sp., 1661. ; L’Hérit. Corn., No. 3.; Don’s Mill., 3. p. 400. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. 
Synonyme. Virginian Dogwood. 
Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 526. ; Catesb. Car., t. 27.; Bigel. Med. Bot., 2. t. 28.; Guimp. Abb. Holz.. 
t.19.; Rafin. Med. Bot., t. 28.; Schmidt Baum., 2. t. 52.; Wang. Beytr., 1. t. 17. f.41.; and our 
Jig. 769. 
Spec. Char.,§c. Branches shining. Leaves ovate, acuminated, pale beneath, 
beset with adpressed hairs on both surfaces. Flowers umbellate, protruded 
after the leaves. Leaves of involucre large, roundish, retuse, or nearly 
obcordate. Pomes ovate. Leaves of involucre white. Flowers green- 
ish yellow, and very large. Pomes scarlet, about half the size of those of 
C. mas ; ripe in August. (Don’s Mill., iii. p. 400.) It is a native of North 
America, from Carolina to Canada, in woods, common ; and on the banks 
of the Columbia, near its confluence with the sea, A tree, growing to the 
height of 20ft. or 30 ft. It was introduced in 1731, and flowers in April 
and May. 
Description. Cornus flérida is universally allowed 
to be the handsomest species of the genus. In its 
native country, it forms a tree reaching, in the most 
favourable situations, 30 ft. or 35 ft. in height, with a 
trunk 9in. or 10 in. in diameter; but, in general, it 
does not exceed the height of 18 ft. or 20 ft., with a 
trunk of 4in. or 5in.in diameter. Michaux describes 
the trunk as “strong, and covered with a blackish 
bark, chapped into many small portions, which are 
often in the shape of squares more or less exact. 
The branches are proportionally less numerous than 
on other trees, and are regularly disposed, nearly in 
the form of crosses. The young twigs are observed 
to incline upwards in a semicircular direction. The leaves are opposite, about 
3in. in length, oval, of a dark green above, and whitish beneath; the upper sur- 
face is very distinctly sulcated. Towards the close of summer, they are often 
marked with black spots; and at the approach of winter they change to a dull 
red. In New York and New Jersey, the flowers are fully expanded about the 
10th or 15th of May, when the leaves are only beginning to unfold themselves. 
The flowers are small, yellowish, and connected in bunches, which are surrounded 
with a very large involucre, composed of 4 white floral leaves, sometimes in- 
clining to violet. This fine involucre constitutes all the beauty of the flowers, 

