1210 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART ITI. 
upwards in good free soil; and, though it naturally 
sends up abundance of suckers in every direction, 
so as to form a dense mass of stems, yet, when 
these are cleared away as they appear, and only 
one stem left, it may be trained to form a very 
handsome small tree, beautiful when in leaf, and 
preeminently so when in flower. The rate of growth 
is considerable, varying, according to the soil and 
situation, from 18 in. to 3 ft. in a year, for the first 
five or seven years. The duration is not great; 
probably between twenty and thirty years, in rich 
soils, and between forty and fifty in such as are 
dry and comparatively poor. Plants which are 
never allowed to produce suckers of any size, and 
in which the bunches of flowers have been thinned 
out, ripen seeds; and these, according to Miller, § 
produce plants which are true to their varieties. \y' 
The common lilac was, till lately, thought to be +” 
exclusively a native of Persia; but, within the last few years, it has been found 
by Dr. Baumgarten in Transylvania. (Flora Transyl.,vol.i. p. 16.) The blue and 
the white varieties were cultivated by Gerard and Parkinson, in 1597, under 
the name of the blue-pipe and white-pipe; and, apparently, confounded with 
Philadélphus, which was also called pipe tree. The first time the lilac was made 
known to European botanists was by a plant brought from Constantinople to 
Vienna, by the ambassador Busbequius, towards the end of the 16th century. 
From the plant being very showy, of the easiest culture, and extremely hardy, 
it soon spread rapidly throughout the gardens of Europe. In some parts of 
Britain, and various parts of Germany, it is mixed with other shrubs, or 
planted alone, to form garden hedges; and, asa proof of its hardiness, we 
may mention that there are hedges of it by the road-sides, in the neighbour- 
hood of Ulm and Augsburg, in the elevated, and consequently cold, region of 
Bavaria. Mixed with sweet briars, sloe thorns, scarlet thorns, Guelder rose 
trees, &c., it forms beautiful hedges to cottage gardens, where there is 
abundance of room. In the survey of the royal gardens of Nonsuch, planted 
in the time of Henry VIILI., there is mentioned a fountain “ set round with six 
lilac trees, which bear no fruit, but only a very pleasant smell.” (Syl. F/., ii. 
p. 47.) Many poets have alluded to this tree; and Cowper, in the following 
lines, enumerates some of the kinds commonly grown in British gardens : — 

* The lilac, various in array, — now white, 
Now sanguine, and her beauteous head now set 
With purple spikes pyramidal, —as if 
Studious of ornament, yet unresolved 
Which hue she most approved, she chose them all, ” 
% 2. S. Josixm\4 Jacq. Josika’s Lilac. 
Identification. Jacq. in Bot. Zeit., 1831, t.67.; Rchb. Pl. Crit., No. 1049. t.'780.; Don’s Mill., 4- 
p. 51.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. 3 
Engravings. ook. Bot. Mag., t. 3278. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1733. ; Rehb. Pl. Crit., 
No. 1049. t.’780.; and our jigs. 1037, 1038. 
Spec. Char.,§c. Leaves el- 
~  liptic-lanceolate, acute, .< 
ciliated, wrinkled, gla- & 
brous, on short petioles, 
white beneath. Flowers 
purple. (Don’s Mill. 
iv. p. 51.) A shrub, 
from 6 ft. to 8 ft. high ; 
a native of Transylva- 
nia, where it was dis- 
covered by the Baroness 
1037 Von Josika, in compli- 

