1234 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART I1l. 
% FE. (a.) p. 4 subpubéscens Pers. Ench., ii. p. 605., Pursh Fl. Amer. 
Sept. l.,p. 9.; ? F. subvilldsa Bosc; has the leaflets petiolate, elliptic- 
oblong, acuminated, sharply serrated, downy beneath; common 
petioles glabrous. 
Description, §c. According to Michaux, 
this tree rises perpendicularly to the height 
of 60 ft., with a trunk 15in. or 18in. in 
diameter. The length of the annual shoots, 
and the spaces between the buds, are one 
half those of F. americana; and the tree is of 
smaller size, and slower growth. The leaves 
are from 12 in. to 15 in. long, downy on the 
under surface; and on insulated trees this 
down becomes red on the approach of au- 
tumn, both on the leaves and shoots of that \ 
year; whence, probably, the name of red ash. 
The bark of the trunk is of a deep brown, 
and the heart-wood of a brighter red than 
that of the white ash. This tree is most 
abundant in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and 
Virginia; where it prefers swamps and 
places frequently inundated, or liable to be 
covered with water by copious rains. In 
these situations, it is accompanied by the 
shell-bark hickory (Carya alba), bitter nut 
hickory (Carya amara), swamp white oak 
(Quércus Prinus discolor), red maple (A‘cer rubrum), sweet gum (Liqui- 
dambar Styraciflua), and tupelo tree (Nyssa bicolor). In the United 
States, the wood of the red ash is applied to the same uses as that of the 
white ash; compared with which, it is somewhat harder, and less elastic. 
In Britain, it can only be considered as an ornamental tree. The specimen 
in the Horticultural Society’s Garden was, in 1834, after having been 10 
years planted, 19 ft. high. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 1s. 6d. 
each, and of seeds 4s. per quart; at Bollwyller, plants are ] franc ds ; and 
at New York, 50 cents. 
¥ 11. F. (a.) sampuciro‘L1a Vahl, The Elder-leaved Ash. 
Identification. Vahl Enum., 1. p. 51.5 Willd. Sp., 4 p. 1099.; Muhl. Nov. Act. Scrut. Berol., 3. 
p. 393. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 8.; Don’s Mill., 4. p. 54.3 Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836, 
Synonymes. F. nigra Meench; F. crispa Hort. ; the black Ash, Water Ash, Amer. 
Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 122.; and our figs. 1057. and 1058. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaflets 3 pairs, 3—4 in. long, acute at both ends, sessile, 
ovate-lanceolate, serrated, having the axils of the veins villous beneath. 
Young branches green, beset with black dots. Buds brown or blue. 
Flowers like those of the common ash. (Don’s Mill., iv. p. 54.) A tree, 
30 ft. high; a native of North America, from Canada to Carolina. Intro- 
duced in 1800, and flowering in May. 
Variety. 
¥ F. (a.) s. 2 crispa Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836, has the leaves curled. There 
are plants of this variety in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges. 
Michaux mentions another sort of black ash, found in Kentucky ; 
but which, he says, he is too imperfectly acquainted with to be abie 
to describe. 
Description, §c. The black ash, Michaux says, grows to the height of 60 ft. 
or 70 ft., with a trunk 2 ft. indiameter. The buds are of a deep blue, and the 
young shoots are sprinkled with dots of the same colour, which disappear as 
the season advances. The leaves, at their unfolding, are accompanied by 
scales, which fall after two or three weeks : they are 12in. or 15 in, long when 
fully developed ; and the leaflets are sessile, of a deep green colour, smooth on 

