Introduction. XXili 
monuments on the one hand and the sites of ancient gold 
and copper mines and pearl beds on the other—a fact 
which is proving of supreme value and importance in the 
interpretation of the early history of civilisation. He 
made use of the [Iberian Peninsula and India as demon- 
strations of his argument. But it applies also to the 
whole world, with the possible exception of Australia. 
De Morgan has called- attention to the remarkable co- 
incidence of the sites of megalithic monuments in the 
Caucasus (and on the shores of the Black and Caspian 
Seas) and those of old gold and copper mines.” Baelz has 
made a similar observation with reference to Japan and 
Corea.” Perry and I have found the same association 
around the head-waters of the Yenesei and along two 
lines leading from it respectively to the Iranian area and 
along the Amur to the Pacific. The same remarkable 
coincidences are found in the Philippines, in Celebes, and 
in fact throughout Indonesia. 
But the same people who settled in these isolated 
spots to work the gold and copper, and incidentally to 
erect megalithic tombs and temples, were also searching 
for pearls and making use of shell-trumpets. When 
Mr. Perry has published the results of his investigations 
it will be seen that in the Indonesian area and New 
Guinea the explanation of the remarkable fact that the 
megalithic culture took root in some strips of coast and 
not in others was due to the fact that pearls were to be 
obtained only in those places where the evidence of these 
western influences is found. 
Int Mexico! Central America and Peru, “ Tyrian ” 
purple was used in the same localities as the shell-trumpet 
and where there is evidence of a special appreciation of 
15 **Tes Premieres Civilizations,” p. 404; also ‘* Mission au Caucase,” 
tome I. 
16 Zettsch. fiir Lthnologie, Bd. 42, 1910, p. 776. 
