32 Shells as evidence of the Migrations. 
been both seen and heard in a certain cavern, blowing a 
conch-shell, and of the form under which they are usually 
represented.” And one of the Scholiasts on Homer says, 
that before the discovery of the brazen trumpet by the 
Tyrrhenians, the conch-shell was in general use for that 
purpose,” 
The larger species of Aucctnum is still used by 
Italian herdsmen in directing their cattle. It is also 
common in North Wales, Staffordshire, Lithuania, and 
Muscovy, where they are also applied to pastoral pur- 
poses.” At Casamicciola, in the Island of Ischia, conch 
shell trumpets are sounded to scare away thieves and 
birds from the vineyards and gardens.” Sicilian fishermen 
use 7rifon nodiferus as a trumpet, and Vérany tells us 
that at Nice this shell, with a hole at the top, serves as a 
trumpet for the fishermen and country people, and that 
the braying noise produced by it renders this unmusical 
instrument indispensible for the old-fashioned charivari, 
which he describes as a deafening serenade to signalize 
the marriages of widows and ill-assorted couples.” A. 
Mosso relates that the 7¥z¢on is still sounded in church 
at Piedmont, and that during the services in Holy Week 
at Chieri, when the choir was singing the psalms, and a 
table was struck with sticks during the so-called tenebra 
of the sepulchre, the sacristan gave him a 7+z¢en shell to 
sound.”” Issel also relates that during the services of 
* Pliny, ** Nat. Hist.,” ix., ch. 4. (Bohn’s Ed., vol. ii., p. 362). 
/bid. footnote by Bostock & Riley). 
> Roberts, of. a, p. 97, and Lovell, ** Edible Brit. Moll,” 1884, p. 
194. 
* Lovell, of. c#/., pe 194, quoting Dr. Wm, Russell, ‘* Memories of 
Ischia,”’ Ninefeenth Century, Sept., 1883. 
® Jeffreys, of. c7f., iv., 1867, p. 303. 
'© Mosso, ** The Dawn of Mediterranean Civilization,” 1910, p. 365. 
