134 Shells as evidence of the Migrations. 
not given. In the same footnote mention is made of the 
discovery of a large Cyprea in an old German grave at 
Entibiih], and of an Indian Ocean 77 ztontum,;* filled with 
worked flints at Brunswick. 
A further discovery of a shell from the Indian Ocean, 
Ovulum ovum, closely akin to the cowries, was made in a 
Gothlandic tomb. This ‘specimen had a hole at one end 
in which was still fixed a little ring of bronze wire.” 
In Crete, black cowries, probably dark forms of 
Cyprea pantherina, were found in excavating the rooms 
of Mycenzean houses.* 
In a paper on “ Cave Explorations at Gibraltar in 
September, 1910,” Dr. W. L. H. Duckworth records the 
discovery of a Mediterranean cowry, Cyprea pyrum, in 
excavating Cave S. The specimen is remarkable on 
account of an artificial perforation at one end, as if for 
suspension as an amulet. On the evidence of the human 
remains and the pottery found, the cave is assigned to 
the Neolithic period. In the same cave were found 
specimens of Purpura hemastoma with the apical parts 
fractured in a curious manner, suggesting that the mollusc 
had been used for the preparation of its distinctive 
product, the Tyrian Purple.” 
A perforated specimen of Cyprea pyrum is recorded 
by Lartet and Christy” from La Madelaine cave, Périgord, 
along with other perforated shells and teeth of animals, 
but in this case the cowry is said to be a fossil, probably 
84 ? Triton, the shell employed as a trumpet in many places. 
®2 Hans Hildebrand, “ The Industrial Arts of Scandinavia,” (South 
Kensington Museum Art Ilandbook), 1882, p. 40. 
2° Ann, Brit. Sch. Athens, ix. (1902-3), pp. 291 and 335. 
®4 Journ, Koy. Anthrop. /nst., xli., 1911, p. 362, pl. xl, fig. 4, 5. 
*® See chapter i. 
®® ** Reliquie Aquitanice,” London, 1875, p. 48 (Description of the 
Plates), pl. v., fig. 15. 
