140 Shells as evidence ef the Migrations. 
in England they are occasionally noticed worn in long 
strings by travelling gypsies. 
ss] 
According to Professor Ridgeway,” cowries are still 
used, combined with a Christian medal, in Corfu as a 
child’s amulet ; and also in Montenegro, 
In the following pages frequent references will be 
found to the use of cowry-shells as amulets of magical 
import in Africa, Asia, Pacific Islands, and elsewhere. 
The custom of decorating the trappings of horses with 
cowries, doubtless with the object of averting the evil eye, 
is found in Persia as well as in India (where elephants 
carry such ornament), in Hungary and in Norway. 
And according to Ridgeway (op. czt., p. 248), Mr. F. W. 
Hasluck, when travelling in the Morea in 1907, saw a boar’s 
tusk charm on a horse in Triphylia, with a pendant of a 
cross formed of four cowries sewn on leather. 
* informs us that 
Lane, in his “ Modern Egyptians,” 
cowries are still used by the people of Egypt, and are 
regarded as a protection against the evil eye. With this 
object they are often attached to the trappings of camels, 
horses, and other animals, as well as to the caps of children, 
Pickering” remarks that on ascending the Nile to Kenneh, 
the modern capital of the Thebaid, about 30 miles below the 
site of ancient Thebes, cowries were seen used as money 
by market women of the Ethiopian [? Soudanese] race, 
Culin, in his “Chess and Playing Cards,” ™ 
the streets of “ Cairo” at the Columbian Exposition was a 
reports that in 
family of Bishareen from the Eastern desert, near Assouan, 
** W. Ridgeway, ‘‘ The Origin of the Turkish Crescent,” Journ, Hoy. 
Anthrop, lust., G. B. and J., vol, 38 (1908), p. 248, pl. 21, fig. 23. 
** Ie. W, Lane, ** Modern Egyptians,” vol. i., 1849, p. 343- 
*® Pickering, *‘ Races of Man” (Bohn’s Id.), 1863, as quoted by 
Stearns, *‘ Ethno-conchology,” A’ept. U.S. Nat. A/us., 1887, (1889), p. 303. 
** Stewart Culin, ‘Chess and Playing Cards,” A’ept. US. Nat. AMas., 
1896, (1898), p. 815 footnote, 
