Appendix. 203 
Marquesas Islands, as well as elsewhere in the Pacific. 
In the Marquesas, skulls have the eyes replaced by pieces 
of pearl-shell, and the lower jaw fastened to the upper by 
cords,” as in the islands of the Torres Straits. 
One of the most important additions to our knowledge 
of the employment of shell-trumpets in ancient Peru is 
contained in Chas. W. Mead’s article on “The Musical 
Instruments of the Incas.”* The discovery in Peru of 
pre-Columbian trumpets made from the shells of Strombus 
galeatus has already been mentioned (p. 48). The pottery 
and other objects found in the ancient burial places of the 
Incas, and now transferred to the American Museum of 
Natural History in New York, has enabled Mr. Mead to 
provide more positive evidence of the use of shell-trumpets 
by the ancient Peruvians, for, certain of the artifacts, 
especially the pottery vessels, are decorated with pictures 
of human beings in the act of playing upon such instru- 
ments. Among other objects of interest described and 
figured by this author is a gold ornament found in a pre- 
historic grave at Ica, Peru, on which are depicted two 
human beings blowing trumpets. One of these is a shell 
probably intended to represent a Stromdbus: it is blown 
through a hole at the apex of the spire. A remarkably 
fine example of a shell-trumpet, “end-blown,” made from 
Strombus galeatus, is also shown on Plate III. (fig. 1) of 
Mead’s paper ; it has a copper mouth-piece, and is orna- 
mented with an engraved figure of a warrior. Another 
figure on the same plate (fig. 2) depicts a trumpet made 
of terra cotta: it is one of several in the collection in 
which the shell form has been reproduced in clay. 
Classed with the flutes by Mr. Mead are three other 
trumpets. One is made froma shell (Fasczolarza princeps) : 
it has two vents, one through the top of the spire, the other 
on its side, the two others being imitations of shells in 
terra cotta. The double perforation in the /asczolarta- 
trumpet is of very great interest as being the only example 
of its kind that I have met with in my researches. 
The shell-trumpets of the Mediterranean region, of 
India, Borneo, China, Japan, and Central America, are 
all, so far as I have ascertained, “end-biown,” ze., they 
22 Dall, in Buvean of Ethnology (United States), ti., 1884, p. 95. 
23 American Museum Journal (Supplement), Vol. UL, No. 4, July, 
1903, Guide Leaflet No. 11. 
