INDEX. 
Amulets. "See Cowries. 
Aztec gods. Shells associated with, 
51-55; compared with Hindu gods, 
53-55» 57-58, with Maya gods, 56-57; 
adorned with pearls, 118. See also 
Tecciztecatl, Tlaloc, and Tonatiuh. 
Aztec Moon-cult, 35, 52-55. 
Babylonian Fish-god, 61, 78. 
Blood-letting. Shell-trumpets used at, 
51; cowries used at, 160. 
Buccinum-shells, as trumpets, 4, 32 ; 
purple dye obtained from, 4-7, 196. 
See also Pur pura-shells. 
Cassis-shells, as trumpets, 38-40, 43, 
51; found in Mentone cave, 136; 
found in pre-Columbian burial in 
Ecuador, 121. 
Chac, Maya Rain God.  Conch-shell 
associated with, 57; compared with 
Tlaloc, the Mexican Rain God, 57 ; 
appears as the Maya Moon God, 57 ; 
claimed as the American form of the 
Vedic god, Indra, 57-58; tortoise 
associated with, 60; compared with 
the stag-headed dragon in Japan, 63. 
Chank-cult of India, 35-38, 53-55, 58- 
59, 195-196. 
Chank shells. As trumpets, 35-38, 53- 
55: used by Hindus and Buddhists, 
35, 38, 53-543; reversed, prized by 
Hindus, 35, by Chinese, 38; Vishnu 
associated with, 35, 53, 58-59, 61, 
195-196; calcined for making lime, 
84, 91-92; references in Classics to, 
88; fisheries of, 88-89; pearls found 
in, 90; in prehistoric sites in India, 
164-165; bangles made from, 165. 
Charms. See under Cowries. 
Circumcision. Shell-trumpets used at, 
37; cowries used at, 159. 
Classical Literature. Purple mentioned 
i>) 3-450 Zoe LO-15>, Ol) 105500, shell- 
trumpets mentioned in, 30, 32; pearls 
mentioned in, 73, 77, 81, 83, 87-88, 
93-94, 96, 104. 
Clay idol found in Cassis-shell in Ten- 
nessee, 64. 
Clay models of shell-trumpets, 34, 47, 
203-204. 
Cowry, The. Derivation of name, 126; 
Greek name of, 126: Roman name 
of, 126, 200; French name of, 126, 
200; Sanskrit name of, 126; Portu- 
guese name of, 126; Arab name of, 
126; Siamese name of, 126; Chinese 
signs for, 180-182; Japanese name 
Ole TOB5e205- 
Cowry-shell, The. Known as ‘** Concha 
Venerea,” 138; as the parent of 
mankind, 176; as the source of life, 
182-183, 185-186. See also Cowries. 
Cowries. Death, associated with, 74, 
100, 128-138, 145, 147, 153-154, 159- 
161, 164, 169-170, 182-183, 186-194, 
205; placed in mouth of the dead, 
100, 182-183, 186; as currency, 123, 
126, 130, 140, 142, 147-164, 165-169, 
171, 174-175, 177-181, 183; as amu- 
lets, 123, 127-129, 139-143, 146-164, 
169-172, 183, 194, 205-206; in 
games, 126, 154, 157, 159, 170-171; 
as hunting and fishing charms, 127, 
157-158. 173-174: as charms against 
the evil eye; 1275 140) 152-1535) 15S. 
169, 183; as fertility charms, 127, 
133, 139, 142, 145, 152-153, 157-158, 
170, 183-184; marriage, associated 
withy, 027, 042) 145-146, 153.7 157, 
164, 172; imitated in stone, 128, 
174, in ivory, 176, in metal, 178, 
205; in caves, 134-138; for divina- 
tion and soothsaying, 140-141, 145, 
U5 5s) L5S-0505)) Lome, | 70) heade 
hunting, associated with, 142, 160, 
172, 174; as eyes for idols, 149-150, 
158, 173, 176; initiation ceremonies, 
associated with, 154-155, 184-186; at 
circumcision, 159; as symbolic mes- 
sages, 161-163, I90-I91; as _ war- 
signals, 161, I90-IgI. 
Cowries. Use of: Africa, 141-164; 
America, N., 184-193; Arabia, 139; 
Bosnia, 131; British Isles, 133, 140, 
(a11) 
