212 
194; California, 193-194; Caucasus, 
130-131; Ceylon, 170; China, 177- 
183; Crete, 134; Ecuador, 194; 
Egypt, 74, 128-130, 138, 140-141, 
163, 205; France, 133-135; Ger- 
many, 130-134; Greece, 140; Hawaii 
Islands, 174; Hungary, 140; India, 
140, 164-170; India, Further, 171- 
172; Indonesia, 172-174; Italy, 133, 
136-137; Japan, 183-184, 205; Mal- 
dives, 167-168, 171; Melanesia, 175; 
Micronesia, 175; Montenegro, 140; 
Norway, 140; Nubia, 128-129 ; 
Paraguay, 207; Persia, 140; Philip- 
pines, 174; Polynesia, 175-1760; 
Russia, 131, 139, 205; Sicily, 139; 
Spain, 134; Sweden, 130; Thibet, 
172. 
** Crab-stones,” or “crab’s eyes,’ 92, 
96. 
Crete. Early discovery of shell-purple 
in, 9; early use of shell-trumpets 
in, 33, 61; cultural use of cowry in, 
134. 
Currency. 
Haliotis, 
See Cowries; also Pearls, 
and Tortoise-shells. 
Death. Shell-trumpets associated with, 
37-38, 41, 44; pearls dit/o, 89-90, 
100-101, 106, 112-117, 204; cowries 
ditto, 74, 100, 128-138, 145, 147; 
153-154, 159-161, 164, 169-170, 182, 
183, 186-194, 205. 
Divination. Cowries used for, 140-141, 
145, 155, 158-159, 161, 170; tortoise 
used for, 182. 
Dog, The. Unholy to the Hindu, 195; 
associated with Hercules (Melkart), 
195, with Vishnu, 195; whelk named 
after, 196. 
Dragon, The. Stag-headed, in Japan, 
63; emerging from conch-shells, 67- 
68; pearls associated with, 102-104. 
Karly purple-fishery, 9, 195. 
Ear-piercing. Shell-trumpets used at, 
51. 
Evil eye, charms against. See Cownies. 
** Eye-stones,”” or opthalme, 92. 
Fasciolaria-shells, as trumpets, 50-51, 
203; associated with Mexican gods, 
51-52; associated with Maya gods. 
6 
Fertility charms. See Cowries, 
Index—continued. 
Fish Incarnations. See Vishnu. 
Fishing charms. See Cowries. 
Fog-horns. Fusus-shells used for, 39. 
Fresh-water pearls. See Pearls. 
Fusus-shells, as trumpets, 39-40; found 
in Japanese shell-mounds, 19. 
Gaetulian Purple, 15. 
God in the Shell, 44, 52-58, 64-68, 
177. 
Gods represented by shell-trumpets, 44. 
Games. See under Cowries. 
Haliotis-shell. Known as Ear of Venus, 
xii; as currency, xii; cultural use 
of, 49, 106-107, I10, 122, 193; 
pearls found in, 106-107, 122; found 
in ancient burials, 122; placed in 
mouth of dead, 204. 
Ilarvest-rites. Shell-trumpets used at, 
36-37; 49-51, 54, 198-201. 
Ilead-hunting. Shell-trumpets associa- 
ted with, 41; cowries associated with, 
142, 160, 172, 174. 
Hercules (Melkart). Discovery of pur- 
ple dye attributed to, 195; dog 
associated with, 195. 
Hindu chank-cult, 35-38, 53-55, 58- 
59, 195-196. 
Hindu gods. Shells associated with, 
35+ 53-55; 58-59, 61, 195-196; com- 
pared with Aztec gods, 53-55, 57-58. 
with Maya gods, 58-61, with Japan- 
ese gods, 62-63; tortoise associated 
with, 59-60; adorned with pearls, 87. 
See also Vishnu, Siva, Indra, and 
Varuna. 
Human beings emerging from shells, 
55, 62, 65-67. 
Hunting charms. See Cowries. 
Indian Fish-god. See Matsya. 
Indra, Vedic god, 58, 68; compared 
with 7/aloc, the Mexican Rain God, 
58, with Chac, the Maya Rain God, 
57-58. 
Initiation. Shell-trumpets associated 
with, 41-42; pearls and _pearl-shell 
associated with, 87; cowries associa- 
ted with, 154-155, 184-186. 
Japanese god. Shell associated with, 
62; fish incarnation of, 62; com- 
pared with the Hindu god, Vishnu, 
62-63; tortoise associated with, 63. 
