HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF FLOWER POLLINATION 17 
16. Violet type. 
_ Viola canina, odorata, tricolor, and others; Gratiola officinalis, Epipogum 
Gmelini. 
Class VII. Papilionaceous arrangements. (Apparecchi papilio- 
nacei.) The visitors touch the anthers and stigma of the bilaterally-symmetrical 
flowers with their ventral surface. 
17. Normal papilionaceous type, with concealed anthers. 
(a) Common papilionaceous form: Robinia and others, Collinsia bicolor and 
verna, Polygala myrtifolia, Pelargonium rutaefolium, Pavia rubra; Corydalis cava, 
solida, and others; Dicentra. 
(4) Zenston form (Forma a scatto): Genista, Cytisus canariensis and albus, 
Ulex europaeus; Spartium junceum, scoparium, and others; Medicago, Indigofera, 
Desmodium, Maranta, Calathea, Schizanthus, Polygala mixta, and others. 
(c) Pump form (Forma a stantuffo): Lotus, Bonjeanea, Tetragonolobus, 
Hippocrepis, Coronilla, Anthyllis, Lupinus, Ononis, and others. 
(2) Brush form (Forma tricostila): Phaseolus; Vicia sativa, sepium, faba, 
Cracca, and others; Pisum sativum, Orobus, Lathyrus. 
18. Papilionaceous type with exposed stamens. 
Ocymum basilicum, Prostanthera, Delphinium, Aconitum, Tropaeolum majus, 
Cuphea viscosa and others, Aquilegia. 
19. Amaryllis or Rhododendron type. 
(a) Form with stamens completely or almost completely enclosed: Rhododendron 
arboreum, ferrugineum, and Nuttalli; Funkia lancifolia, Lilium longiflorum, 
Hemerocallis coerulea; Alstroemeria peregrina, pulchra, and others; Agapanthus 
umbellatus; Amaryllis formosissima, vittata, Reginae, equestris, and others; Ponte- 
deria azurea. 
(4) Form with exserted stamens: Echium vulgare, Aesculus Hippocastanum, 
Dictamnus albus, Amherstia nobilis; Capparis acuminata, and others. 
20. Melastomaceous type. 
Many Melastomaceae, Solanum amazonicum; Cassia floribunda, Chamaecrista, 
and others; Physostemon. 
21. Strelitzia type. 
Strelitzia Reginae and Augusta. 
Class VIII. Narrow-tubed arrangements. (Apparecchi sifonifori e 
macrosifoni.) The corolla tubes are long, and often so narrow that only sphingidae 
can get at the honey. 
22. Long-spurred type. (Tipo sifonopetalo.) 
Gymnadenia conopsea and albida, Linaria chalepensis, Anacamptis pyramidalis, 
Platanthera bifolia and chlorantha; Angraecum sesquipedale, caudatum, and apicu- 
latum; WHabenaria longicauda, macroceras, gigantea, and procera; Limodorum 
falcatum, Impatiens scapiflora, Pelargonium nocturnum and lobatum. 
DAVIS e 
