HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF FLOWER POLLINATION 19 
35. Borago type. 
Borago officinalis; Cyclamen europaeum, coum, persicum, and others; Dode- 
catheon Meadia and integrifolium ; Solanum Dulcamara, nigrum, tuberosum, Lyco- 
persicum, insanum, and others; Verbascum Myconi, Galanthus nivalis, Leucojum 
vernum, Conanthera bifolia, Cajophora lateritia, species of Loasa, Sollya linearis, 
Dianella coerulea, and others. 
36. Verbascum type. 
Verbascum, Tradescantia virginica, Anagallis latifolia, Arthropodium paniculatum, 
Helianthemum, Chelidonium majus, and others. 
Class XIII. Regular open arrangements. (Apparecchi aperti, 
regolari.) The widely open flowers are visited by insects of the most varied kind 
(beetles, bees, flies, occasionally butterflies, &c.). 
(2) Green open arrangements (Apparecchi aperti, cloranti). 
37. Rhamnus type. 
Rhamnus cathartica, Frangula, and others; Euonymus europaeus, latifolius, and 
japonicus; Paliurus aculeatus, species of Rhus, Ilex Aquifolium and latifolium; Eu- 
phorbia sylvatica, amygdaloides, and dendroides ; Hedera Helix, Buxus sempervirens, 
Ribes rubrum and alpinum, the Umbelliferae. 
(4) Black open arrangements (Apparecchi aperti, melananti). 
38. Uvaria type. 
Uvaria nicaraguensis, Asimina triloba, Thottea grandiflora. 
39. Stapelia type. 
Stapelia, Boucerosia, Caralluma. 
40. Dark type. 
Periploca graeca, Microstemma, Cynanchum nigrum, Euonymus verrucosus, 
Aucuba japonica, Ruscus aculeatus, Streptopus amplexifolius, and others. 
(c) Many-flowered open arrangements (Apparecchi aperti, polianti). 
41. Stellate type. 
Many Compositae, Actinotus Helianthi; Astrantia maxima, major, media, and 
minor; species of Bupleurum, Cupularia viscosa. 
42. Scabious type, 
Scabiosa, Cephalaria, Brunonia australis, species of Pimelea, species of Valeriana, 
Jasione montana, 
43. Trachelium type. 
Trachelium coeruleum, Centranthus ruber. 
(d) Brightly coloured open arrangements (Apparecchi aperti, callipetali). 
44. Papaver type. 
Papaver Rhoeas, orientale, argemone, and others; Tulipa Gesneriana and 
Clusiana, Chelidonium glaucium, Cistus ladaniferus and formosus, Anemone hortensis 
and coronaria. 
45. Rosa type. 
Rosa bengalensis, damascena, canina, sempervirens and others; Camellia 
japonica, and others, 
