32 INTRODUCTION 
sometimes apparently absent (Thuringia and Riesengebirge) or occurring sporadi- 
cally (Tyrol): perhaps more abundant in North Europe. 
Erodium cicutarium. Female-pleogamous 5-30%; male forms scarce and 
isolated. 
Valeriana montana. Mostly gynodioecious, frequently also gynomonoecious. 
Isolated 6 plants, or, rarely, § and ¢ on the same plant. 
Polygonum viviparum. Female-pleogamous up to 30%; male-pleogamous 
usually only 1-2 %, never more than ro %. 
P. Fagopyrum. Gynomonoecious up to 20%; sporadically gynodioecious, 
andromonoecious, or androdioecious. 
Thymus Chamaedrys. Gynodioecious up to 40-50 %, or even more; very 
seldom gynomonoecious; observed by Ogle in England and Delpino in Italy to 
be also androdioecious. 
Viscaria vulgaris. Usually gynodioecious, seldom gynomonoecious; 9 in 
some localities up to 20 %. Male pleogamous forms, when present, only 2-5 %. 
Coronaria Flos cuculi. Gynodioecious, seldom gynomonoecious up to 10 &% at 
most. Male-pleogamous forms at most 3 %. 
Silene rupestris. Gynodioecious and gynomonoecious up to 5%. Male- 
pleogamous forms very scarce. , 
S. nutans. Female forms up to 10%; male (if present) up to 5 %. 
Saponaria ocymoides. Gynodioecious or gynomonoecious forms up to 5 %. 
Male-pleogamous forms very scarce. 
(2) Mare Forms PREDOMINATE. 
Daucus Carota. Andromonoecious, frequently also gynodioecious, seldom 
gynomonoecious. 
Pimpinella Saxifraga. Andromonoecious, less frequently gynodioecious. 
Scleranthus annuus. Male-pleogamous widely distributed, usually 5-10 % ; 
female scarce and isolated. 
Pulsatilla vulgaris, montana, pratensis, and vernalis. Occasionally andro- 
monoecious and androdioecious, now and then also gynomonoecious and 
gynodioecious. 
(c) Femate anp Mare Forms aBouT EQUALLY COMMON. 
Scleranthus perennis. Female-pleogamous forms widely distributed, often 30 % 
or more; male, if present, numerous. 
Silene vulgaris. Gynodioecious; less frequently gynomonoecious, sometimes 
only 1-2 %, sometimes 50 % or more. In plains, fairly often androdioecious; with 
wide distribution; less frequently andromonoecious, 6 often up to 20%. In 
mountains, 6 forms are often wanting. 
S. noctiflora. Gynodioecious, forms widely distributed, gynomonoecious less 
frequently. & forms unequally distributed, rare in places. 
Valeriana tripteris. In South Tyrol usually gynodioecious and gynomono- 
ecious; locally andromonoecious and androdioecious, sometimes even 9 and 4, or 
%, 2, and 6 on the same plant. 
