CLEISTOGAMY 53 
At the time of fertilization the ovary is 0-75-o0-8 of a line (about 2 mm.) in 
length, and crowned by five very short conical pointed styles, ending in punctate 
stigmas. The anthers have a triangular connective, with apex above, over which 
the small loculi (0-24 of a line in length) project. The number of pollen-grains 
developed in each loculus does not exceed forty, or at most fifty. They are 
ovoid, about o-or5 of a line in length, and o-o1 of a line in breadth (=0-03 
and o-oz mm.), and are colourless. Although the anthers dehisce markedly, 
the pollen-grains escape no more than they do in Oxalis, but, as in the latter, 
germinate within the anthers, with the production of very numerous pollen-tubes, 
which unite the anthers with the stigmas. These tubes are very soft, so that 
they tear when the anthers are pulled away, without drawing the pollen-grains 
out of the loculi. 
In Specularia perfoliata there is a small whitish mound in the basin-shaped 
depression of the superior calyx, which, looked at through a lens, is seen to be 
traversed by prominent radiating ridges, from which several (some 6-12) small 
bristles project. In this mound the stamen and styles are concealed. Their 
number and relative position are easily recognized when the upper part of the 
mound is removed by a transverse cut. It is then seen to be hollow, its wall 
consisting of a very thin membrane. The stamens come into lateral contact with 
one another above the tips of the styles. Their number corresponds to that of the 
calyx lobes, 3-5. The number of the styles and chambers of the ovary is usually 
two when the calyx lobes are three or four, and three when the calyx lobes 
are five. 
The whitish membrane that forms the mound in question corresponds 
undoubtedly to the corolla, but there is no trace of a division into separate 
lobes or of any opening in the middle of the mound. The form of the cavity 
enclosed by the corolla changes as the flower develops. In very small flowers 
that are as yet far removed from the stage of fertilization, the corolla appears as 
a moderately sharp cone, but this becomes more and more flattened with the 
growth of the ovary. While the upper part of the cavity that contains the 
stamens and style thus diminishes in size, at least relatively, the under part 
increases, since it assumes the form of a funnel projecting into the ovary. The 
actual size of this cavity, however, is always very limited. The filaments of the 
stamens inserted at the periphery of this cavity are very short; the anthers measure 
about 0-13” (about o-3 mm.) in length. They are colourless, and contain a 
considerable quantity of pollen-grains. These are without colour, and _ their 
diameter is 0-014” to 0-017’” (about 0-035-0-044 mm.). ‘The styles are relatively 
thick, and of ovoid form; their tips and their inner sides are stigmatic. There 
is no trace of the characteristically formed collecting-hairs that are always present 
on the outer sides of the styles of Campanulaceae. The pollen is not scattered, 
but spreads its tubes from the anthers. They take an irregular course through 
the space that exists between the anthers and styles, as well as laterally between 
the anthers themselves. These organs are thus united together with moderate 
firmness, so that their upper part can be cut away by a vertical section without 
causing displacement. The pollen-tubes are so tough that many of them are not 
torn across if the anthers are pulled away from the styles, but remain connected 
