POLLINATION OF YUCCA AND FICUS 103 
of Yucca in question, while in the absence of the appropriate moth not a single seed 
would be set. . 
A relation between flowers and insects as remarkable as that presented by Yucca 
and its moth, obtains between the figs (Ficus Carica and others), and certain small 
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Fic. 17. Zvransfer of pollen by egg-laying insects. (1) A branch of the inflorescence of Yucca 
Whipplei; the flower in the middle is open, the one below it, which was open the previous day, is already 
closed, the other flowers are still in the condition of buds. (2) A single flower of the same plant visited 
by the moth Pronuba Yuccasella; the three anterior petals removed. (3) Stigma of Yucca Whipplei. 
(4) Pronuba Yuccasella flying to Yucca Whipplei in the moonlight. (5) Head of the insect, with its 
proboscis-like maxillary palps, holding fast a ball.of pollen. (6) Branch of Ficus pumila with urn- 
shaped inflorescence divided longitudinally. (7) A single female flower from the base of this urn. 
(8), (9) Stamens from the upper part of the same. (10) Urn of Ficus Carica filled with galls produced by 
Blastophaga, and divided longitudinally ; near the mouth of the urn is a fig-wasp (Blastophaga grossorum), 
which has escaped from one of the galls. (11) Urn-shaped inflorescence of Ficus Carica filled with female 
flowers, and divided longitudinally ; at the mouth of the urn are two fig-wasps, one of which has already crept 
into the interior, while the other is in the act of doing so. ‘ (12) Male flower. (13) Long-styled female flower 
of Ficus Carica. (14) Gall produced by a short-styled gall-flower. (15) Blastophaga grossorum escaping 
froma gall. (16) A Blastophaga that has escaped. (17) The same enlarged. Nos. 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 11, 16, 
natural size; No. 3, x2; No. 5, x20; Nos. 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, X53; Nos. 14, 15, 17, x8. (After Kerner.) 
