126 
INTRODUCTION 
But in North Ireland, where Sphinx convolvuli is relatively abundant, Convolvulus 
sepium (according to T, H. Corry) is even commoner than C. arvensis. 
Fic. 38. Crocus vernus, L, a 
Butterfly and Moth Flower. 
There are transitional forms connecting the two 
groups of Lepidopterid Flowers. Hermann Miiller 
(Kosmos, iii, 1878, pp. 420-4) regards the following as 
such :—Daphne striata, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Gymna- 
denia conopea and odoratissima, Crocus vernus, and 
Lilium Martagon. The two first-named species represent 
all stages between Butterfly Flowers and Moth Flowers, 
for Hermann Miiller often observed that in the same 
alpine stations all colour gradations between rose red 
and white grew side by side. Butterflies and moths 
alike were observed as visitors and pollinators of both 
species. Crocus vernus and Gymnadenia odoratissima 
do not fluctuate in this undecided way between Butterfly 
Flowers and Moth Flowers, but incline distinctly to the 
latter group, as their colour only varies from white to 
pale rose. The circle of guests, in conformity with this 
coloration, consists chiefly of moths. 
While the four species just named show themselves 
to be transitional forms between Butterfly Flowers and 
Moth Flowers by displaying variable coloration, Ana- 
campltis pyramidalis and Lilium Martagon do this in 
a different way. They possess vivid colours and thus 
attract butterflies, but they also open in the evening and then emit a powerful and 
pleasing odour, by which moths (especially nocturnal Hawk-moths) are enticed. 
Fic. 39. Gentiana verna, L., a diurnal Hawk-moth Flower. (After Herm. Miller, 
‘ Alpenblumen,” p. 340.) 
