24 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF TREES. PART In 
the custom in France. The antiquity of the sweet chestnut at 
Tortworth, which he had ascertained from Lord Ducie to be 
much exaggerated, he alleges to be no proof that the tree is 
indigenous. ‘‘ The English, or narrow-leaved, elm,” he says, 
‘* being much esteemed by the Romans, was probably introduced 
by them. The box,” he erroneously (see Herb., 1597, p. 1226.) 
states, ‘is not mentioned by Gerard, and,” he adds, “the 
tree is found nowhere in an apparently wild state, except on 
Box Hill, where it was planted by Lord Arundel, who designed 
to build a house there, but who relinquished his intention from 
the want of water, and built one at Albury hard by.” The 
only native evergreen trees and shrubs of Britain would thus 
appear to be the Scotch pine, the holly, the juniper, the furze, 
the spurge laurel, the butcher’s broom, and the ivy. The furze 
Dr. Walker supposes not to be aboriginal, but to have been in- 
troduced from the mountains of Portugal, where it abounds. 
His reason is, that it is the only alleged indigenous shrub which 
flowers during winter; and that during severe winters it is 
killed to the ground, both in England and Scotland. According 
to these authors, the only indigenous evergreen trees are the 
Scotch pine and the holly; so that we are thus reduced to two 
evergreen trees and four evergreen shrubs; unless we include 
such under-shrubs as the heath, the Andrémeda, the Arctost4- 
phylos U'va irsi, &c., which do not generally attain the height 
of two feet. 
Perhaps it may be thought unreasonable to allege that the 
lime and the yew are not natives of Britain, since they unques- 
tionably are of countries which lie farther north ; viz., the north 
of Germany and Sweden: but it must be remembered that the 
summers of these countries are hotter than those of England, in 
consequence of which, the lime ripens its seeds every year, which 
it seldom does in Britain. In countries without extremes either 
of heat or cold, such as the sea coast of Britain and great part of 
Ireland, many trees will live and thrive without ever producing 
seeds. Such trees may remain for ages in a country, without 
being one step nearer naturalisation than the day on which they 
were introduced. In Hasted’s Kent it is stated that Sir John 
Speilman, who introduced the manufacture of paper into England 
from Gernrany, in the time of Elizabeth, and to whom Queen 
Elizabeth granted the manor of Portbridge in Dartford, intro- 
duced the lime tree. He is said to have brought over two trees 
with him in his portmanteau, and to have planted them at Port- 
bridge, near the dwelling-house belonging to the powder mills; 
where, according to Hasted, they remained till they were cut 
down a few years previously to the time when he wrote, which 
was in 1776. (Beauties of England, Sc., Kent, p. 562.) The 
lime, however, is represented by Turner as growing to a large 
size in 1562$ so that the trees introduced by Speilman could 
