CHAP, II. BRITISH ISLANDS. ST 
day, botanists consider all those plants indigenous to a country, 
which have existed in it beyond the memory of man or the 
existence of written records, and which propagate themselves 
freely by seed, without human agency. 
The reputed native plants of Britain have been enumerated 
and described by different botanical authors: but it will be of 
little practical use in this case, and in the others which will come 
before us, to quote from any author who wrote previously to the 
time of Linnzeus; and who, of course, could not adopt his ad- 
mirable system of giving plants specific names composed of two 
words, instead of short Latin descriptions. The first author 
who enumerated the plants of England, and applied the Linnzan 
specific names, was Hudson, in his Flora Anglica, published in 
1762; and those of Scotland were first described by Lightfoot, 
in his Flora Scotica, in 1775. Those of Ireland were first 
enumerated by Threlkeld, in 1727, before the Linnzan system 
was adopted, and there has not yet been any other flora of the 
country than a list published by Mr. 'T. Mackay in 1825. For- 
tunately, however, there are two recent works, the English Flora 
of Sir J. E. Smith, and the British Flora of Dr. Hooker, which 
contain an enumeration and description of all the plants indige- 
nous to the British Isles, and from them we have compiled the 
following enumeration. In it are included all the plants, con- 
sidered by botanists as ligneous, which grow in the British 
Islands, exclusive of varieties. 
To such as are considered by many persons as doubtful 
natives, we have prefixed, not the point of interrogation used to 
signify botanical doubts, but the letters qu. 
Ranunculdcea. Clématis Vitalba, a deciduous climber. 
Berberidezr. Bérberis vulgaris, a deciduous shrub, 10 ft. 
high. 
“Cistinee. Helianthemum marifolium, surrejanum, vulgare, 
tomentdsum, and poliifdlium, evergreen prostrate shrubs, from 
6 in. to 1 ft. in height. 
Tilidcea. Tilia europee’a qu., a deciduous tree, 50 ft.; gran- 
difolia (syn. platyph¥lla) qu., a deciduous tree, 50 ft.; parvifolia, 
a deciduous tree, 30 ft. 
Hypericinee. Androse‘mum officinale, a deciduous under- 
shrub, 4 ft.; Hypéricum calycinum qu., an evergreen under- 
shrub, 1 ft. 
Acerinee. A'cer campéstre, a deciduous tree, 20 ft. high; 
and A. Pseido-Platanus qu., a deciduous tree, 50 ft. high. 
Celastrinee. Euénymus europe'us, a deciduous tree, from 
15 ft. to 20 ft. high. 
Ilictnee. I\ex Aquifdlium, an evergreen tree, 30 ft. high. 
Staphyledcee. Staphyléa pinnata qu., a deciduous shrub, 
from 10 ft. to 15 ft. high. 
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