CHAP. Il. BRITISH ISLANDS. 31 
3 evergreen trees, from 15 ft. to 30 ft., the box, the yew, and 
the holly. 
65 deciduous shrubs, and very low trees, from 5 ft. to 18 ft.; 
including 21 roses and 32 willows. 
26 deciduous shrubs, from 1 ft. to 5 ft.; including 6 roses 
and 10 willows. 
5 evergreen shrubs, from 5 ft. to 15 ft. 
7 evergreen shrubs, from 1 ft. to 5 ft. 
1 evergreen climber, the ivy. 
1 deciduous climber, the clematis. 
2 deciduous twiners, honeysuckles. 
8 evergreen trailers, brambles. 
3 deciduous trailers; the Rdsa arvénsis, the Solanum Dul- 
camara, and the Rubus cz'sius. 
13 evergreen shrubs, or fruticulose plants, from 6 in. to, 
i ft. in height; such as the Vaccinium Vitis idze‘a, the ericas, 
Andrémeda poliifolia, &c. 
10 deciduous shrubs, or fruticulose plants, from 3 in. to 
1 ft. in height ; such as Comarum palistre, Vaccinium Myrtillus, 
Salix reticulata, prostrata, &c. 
Secr. II. Of the Foreign Trees and Shrubs introduced into the 
British Isles. 
Ir wild plants are said to follow those animals to which they 
supply food, cultivated plants are the followers of man in a state 
of civilisation. In all cases of taking possession of a new country, 
the first step of the settlers has been to introduce those vege- 
tables which, in their own country, they knew to be the most 
productive of human food; because the natural resource of 
man for subsistence is the ground. In all temperate climates, 
the plants of necessity may be considered to be the cereal grasses 
and the edible roots. Trees, with the exception of such as bear 
edible fruit, are not introduced till a considerable period after- 
wards; because all new and uncivilised countries abound in 
forests of timber. It can: only be when this timber becomes 
scarce, or when wealth and taste have increased to such an ex- 
tent as to create a desire for new trees as objects of curiosity, 
that the practice takes place of cultivating indigenous trees, or 
of introducing new ones. Hence we find that, in England, all 
the timber required for the purposes of construction and fuel | 
was obtained from the native forests and copses, till about the 
time of Henry VIII. In this reign and the next, Holinshed 
informs us that plantations of trees began to be made for pur- 
poses of utility; and we find, in the same reign, that attention 
began to be paid to the trees and shrubs of foreign countries, 
and that some few, even at that early period in the history of 
D 
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