CHAP. II. ; BRITISH ISLANDS. 53 
the red cedar, the Constantinople nut, and the tulip tree. Only 
three of these are from North America. 
In 1683, twenty plants were introduced, by James Sutherland, 
first curator of the botanic garden of Edinburgh, Bishop Comp- 
ton, and Parkinson. Among these were, the / cer platandides, 
the American spindle tree, the kermes oak, the dwarf almond, 
the scarlet thorn, the Larus Benzoin, the liquidambar, the 
Aleppo pine, and the cedar of Lebanon. The principal authority 
is Sutherland’s Catalogue of the Plants in the Edinburgh Botanic 
Garden, published in 1683. 
From the year 1688 to the year 1700 inclusive (James II., 
and William and Mary), thirty-one species were introduced, 
by Bishop Compton, the Honourable Charles Howard, the 
Duchess of Beaufort, Jacob Bobart, son of the first super- 
intendent of the Oxford Botanic Garden, and others. The au- 
thorities are to be found in Ray’s Historia Plantarum, in the 
Phytographia of Plukenet, and in Bobart’s Hestorza Plantarum 
Oxoniensis. The titles of all these catalogues, and several others 
used as authorities for the dates of the introduction, or rather 
first record, of plants, are given in the preface to the second 
edition of the Hortus Kewensis. 
The botanists to whom the British arboretum was most indebted 
during the seventeenth century were, Parkinson, ‘Tradescant 
junior, Ray, and Sutherland; and the principal botanical ama- 
teurs were, the Bishop of London and the Duchess of Beaufort. 
Parkinson was born in 1567, and was contemporary with Gerard 
and L’Obel. He possessed a rich garden, and was appointed 
apothecary to James I. He appears to have died somewhere 
about 1650. John ‘Tradescant junior inherited his father’s 
museum, and published a catalogue of it, entitled Museum 
Tradescantianum, in 1656. He died in 1662, bequeathing the 
museum to Mr. Ashmole, who lodged in his house, and whose 
name the museum now, “ unjustly,” as Pulteney remarks, bears 
in Oxford, where it is deposited. John Ray was born at Black 
Notley, near Braintree in Essex, in 1628. His father, though a 
blacksmith, contrived to give him a college education. At 
college, he imbued the minds of some of his companions with a 
taste for plants, and he pursued this taste himself at every leisure 
opportunity. In 1660 he was ordained deacon and priest, and 
after this time he made various journeys throughout Britain, 
and visited the Continent. He was the author of numerous 
works, the principal of which relating to plants are, his General 
History of Plants, his Methodus Plantarum, and his Synopsis 
Methodica Stirpium Britannicarum. He died in 1704, at his 
birthplace, at the age of 76. 
