132 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF TREES. PART I. 
abroad; and he has commenced an arboretum, which already: 
contains a collection of pines and firs not surpassed by any in 
Britain. An account of this arboretum, which will soon be the 
first in Scotland, will be found in the Gard. Mag., vol. xi. 
Messrs. Dickson of Edinburgh, Brown at Perth, and Messrs. 
Austin of Glasgow, have also a great many choice trees planted 
out, as have various other nurserymen in that country. In Ire- 
Jand we have already mentioned the nurseries most celebrated for 
their fine specimens and extensive collections. 
CHAP. III. 
OF THE HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE TREES AND SHRUBS 
OF THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE. 
Tue Continent of Europe has supplied, as we have seen in the 
preceding chapter, a considerable number of trees and shrubs to 
the British Arboretum. The different countries which compose 
it have been so thoroughly explored by botanists, that few far- 
ther additions can be expected from them ; but it will be, never- 
theless, interesting to examine the indigenous ligneous flora of 
each as compared with that of Britain, and its capacity for 
receiving additions from the trees and shrubs of other parts of 
the world. We shall take these countries in the order of France, 
Holland and the Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia, Russia 
and Poland, Switzerland, and Greece, Italy, Spain, and Portugal ; 
and, considering the subject as one of secondary interest to that 
of the preceding chapter, our observations on it will be brief. 
Sect. I. Of the Indigenous and Foreign Trees and Shrubs of France. 
France, from its extent, the warmer climate of its southern provinces, and 
the varied character of its surface, including as it does some of the highest 
mountains in Europe, and a portion of the shores both of the Atlantic Ocean 
and the Mediterranean Sea, contains the richest indigenous ligneous flora of 
any country in Europe. There are few if any trees and shrubs which are in- 
digenous to Britain that are not also indigenous to France; and there are in 
addition, in the latter country, all the species contained in the following 
enumeration, taken from Duby and De Candolle’s Botanicon Gallicum, pub- 
lished in 1828. In this enumeration those orders, genera, or species, marked 
with a star (*), are either only in cultivation, or known or supposed to be not 
truly indigenous. 
Ranunculdcee. Clématis Flammula, F. var. maritima, cirrhosa var. pedi- 
cellata, balearica; Atragéne austriaca. 
Crucifere. Matthiola tristis; Ibéris Garrexidna, saxatilis, semperflorens. 
* Capparidee. Capparis spinosa. es 
Cistinee. Cistus incanus, crispus, albidus, salvieefolius, corbariensis, mons- 
peliénsis, Lédon, hirsttus, longifolius, populifolius, /aurifolius, ladaniferus ; 
Helidnthemum umbellatum, alyssdides, alyssdides var. rugdsum, halimifolium, 
a 
