CHAP. III. CONTINENT OF EUROPE. 137 
Bernard de Jussieu, when he visited England in 1734, by the benevolent and 
enlightened Peter Collinson, who had raised some plants (of which he gave 
Jussieu two) from cones brought from Mount Lebanon. The tree in the 
Paris garden produces abundance of cones, and is considered the parent of all 
the cedars in France: it would, no doubt, have attained a greater height, had 
not the leading shoot been accidentally broken off some years ago (the person 
who showed it to us in 1815 said by the first shot fired against the Bastile), 
since when it has increased only in breadth. 
Deleuze, who has given a history of the introduction of plants of ornament 
into France, in the Annales du Muséum, tom. viii., states that the taste for 
foreign trees and shrubs passed from England into France; but that the mode 
of procuring them from the former country being found too expensive, a plan 
was devised for importing them direct from America. At the head of this 
design was the celebrated Du Hamel, who induced his friend, Admiral Galis- 
sonniére, to send him several tons of seeds of trees and shrubs, gathered at 
random in North America. These were sown on a large scale on Du Hamel’s 
estates at Le Monceau and Vrigny, and on those of his brother at Denain- 
villiers. They succeeded perfectly, and the plants raised were so numerous, 
that the botanists who afterwards examined them found among them se- 
veral new species. The brother of Du Hamel the academician, who was 
the proprietor of Denainyilliers, appears to have had the chief care of these 
lantations. He also assisted his brother in the preparation of his works, and 
especially in the T'raité de la Culture des Terres. The Duke d’Ayen, after- 
wards Maréchal de Noailles, made an extensive plantation of exotics at St.Ger- 
main en Laye, in which flowered, for the first time in France, some American 
walnuts, and the Sophora japonica. This park was open to all amateurs. It 
was the Maréchal de Noailles who persuaded Louis XY. to establish at 
Trianon that botanic garden in which Bernard de Jussieu disposed, for the 
first time, plants in families according to the natural orders of his system. 
The maréchal was one of the first four honorary members of the Linnzan 
Society of London. He died in 1793 at the age of 80 years. 
The Chevalier Jansen purchased in all the ports of Europe, and in foreign 
countries, the trees which he hoped he could acclimatise in France; these he 
planted in his garden at Chaillot, and afterwards distributed among botanists 
and cultivators. On this spot, in Paris, adjoining the Barriére de Chaillot, 
may still (1835) be seen superb trees, the seeds of which have produced many 
others, which have been spread throughout France. That illustrious magis- 
trate and philosopher, Lamoignon de Malesherbes, acclimatised on his estate 
of Malesherbes a great number of foreign trees and shrubs: he was the first in 
France to raise fruit trees from seeds on a large scale, in order to obtain new 
varieties. The celebrated Lemonnier of Montreui!, near Versailles, the friend 
of André Michaux, encouraged the introduction of trees and shrubs more 
than any of his contemporaries. He was the first patron of Michaux; and 
though, as a physician, he was much occupied at court, he employed the greater 
part of his income, and the whole of his leisure, in procuring rare trees and 
plants for his garden at Montreuil. There, in a bottom of bog earth, he had 
a multitude of different species of kalmia, azalea, rhododendron, and other 
shrubs, among which rose up the superb stems of the Canadian lily. In the 
shade of spruce firs, of acacias, of tulip trees, and of magnolias, grew the under- 
shrubs of Lapland, of Siberia, and of the Straits of Magellan. His fortune and 
his garden were much injured during the revolution; but he lived to see the 
plants which he had introduced become common among his friends every- 
where. He died at the age of 84 years. . 
Through the kindness of M. Vilmorin we are enabled to notice the present 
state of the different plantations mentioned or alluded to by Deleuze, and 
of others made by different proprietors about the same period. The plant- 
ations of Du Hamel were chiefly cut down, or otherwise destroyed, during the 
revolution ; those of the physician Lemonnier, at Montreuil, were entirely de- 
stroyed; those at the Trianon remain, and contain some good specimens of 
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