wae So 
148 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF TREES. PARTY 1. 
By looking into the various catalogues of the German botanic gardens, and 
particularly into those of Giessen, founded in 1605, and of Altorf, Nurem- 
berg, Rientel, and upwards of twenty others, founded between the commence- 
ment of the 17th century and the middle of the 18th century, the dates of 
the introduction into Germany of a number of trees and shurbs may be found 
by the curious. It will be sufficient for the purpose of this work, if we com- 
mence with the introduction of American trees and shrubs into Germany, 
which took place shortly after their introduction on a large scale into France; 
the Argyll of Germany being Prince Lichtenstein of Eisgrub; and the Du Hamel 
of that country being Baron Otto von Miinchausen of Schwoébbache, near 
Pyrmont, in Westphalia, now united to the kingdom of Hanover. This 
gentleman was the author of a work which obtained great celebrity in Germany 
in his time, entitled Der Hausvater (the Father of a Family). This book, which 
-was printed in 1765, may be compared to the British encylopedias of 
domestic economy, except that in it agriculture, gardening, and rural affairs 
bear a more conspicuous part than housewifery and cookery; it contains a 
descriptive list of new and desirable trees and shrubs, with directions for 
their culture, and for their disposition in lines; arguing against clipping them 
into geometrical figures,‘as was then the mode. We are assured (see Gard. 
Mag., vol. ii. p. 386.) that it was the reading of this work, and especially the 
arguments which it contained in favour of a more natural mode of disposing 
and managing trees and shrubs in gardens, that gave the Empress Catharine 
a taste for English gardening; and that it was thus the means of introducing 
that taste into Russia. As Hanover was at this time closely connected with 
England, by being under the government of the same monarch, there can be 
little doubt that the trees planted at Schwobbache would be procured from 
the nurseries of this country. Contemporary planters were, in the Hano- 
verian dominions, Count Veltheim of Harbcke, and Hinuber of Marienwerder 
near Hanover: also the Duke of Dessau, at Worlitz, near Dessau, in Anhalt ; 
the Elector of Hesse, at Wilhelmshde, near Cassel; Prince Lichtenstein, on 
his various estates in the Austrian dominions ; and the Emperor of Austria, 
at Schénbrunn, near Vienna. Besides these princes, and Margraves of Baden, 
already mentioned, the following princes of Germany have distinguished them- 
selves by planting foreign trees: Frederick the Great, and the present King of 
Prussia, Frederick William IV.; the late King of Saxony, Frederick Au- 
gustus IV.; the late King of Wurtemberg, Frederick William; the late 
Grand-Duke of Weimar ; the lafe Duke Ernest of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha; Prince 
Prinus of Dahlberg; the Grand-Duke of Frankfort ; and the late Duchess of 
Courland, at Loebichan in Saxony. We have received Return Papers from all 
these places, from which we find that some of the foreign trees first planted in 
them still exist. Schwobbache is in the possession of the grandson of the 
author of Der Hausvater, and contains a number of very interesting trees. 
Among these are, a tulip tree, near a pond, 120 years planted, which is 80 ft. 
high; Nyssa aquatica, 60 years planted, which forms a magnificent tree 40 ft. 
high, with a wide-spreading head and branches drooping to the ground: it is 
in a low moist situation, and its roots, which extend to a great distance, send 
up innumerable suckers ; in the autumn the leaves, before dropping off, be- 
come as red as blood. The finest tree of this kind in England is on the 
Duke of Wellington’s grounds at Strathfieldsaye ; it is 30 ft. high, and, being 
rather in a moist situation, will probably one day rival the tree at Schw6éb- 
bache, which, in all probability, is the finest specimen of Nyssa in Europe. 
Corylus arboréscens (? C. Colirna), at Schwobbache, 100 years planted, 
forms a regular-headed tree, with a straight clean trunk 2ft. in diameter. 
A‘cer eriocarpum, saccharinum, and O’palus, have been 80 years planted, and 
are noble trees ; 4/sculus’ Pavia and flava are stately trees, and flower freely ; 
Robinia Psetd-Acacia, 120 years planted, is a large and most picturesque 
tree; U’lmus americana, 120 years planted, and Juglans cinérea and nigra, 
80 years planted, are noble trees. There are specimens of Castanea vésca, 
