~Ne 
CHAP. III. CONTINENT OF EUROPE. 149 
120 years planted; and of Platanus orientalis, 100 years planted. Pinus Strobus, 
80 years planted, is 100 ft. high. Many of the old trees are in a state of de- 
cay, but the present baron still keeps up the collection by planting young 
ones; and he adds continually to the species, appearing to be as enthusiastically 
devoted to trees and shrubs, and to gardening generally, as his grandfather. 
At Harbcke, Count Veltheim’s, there are many old foreign trees and shrubs, 
and a very full collection of young ones. 
At Worlitz there is what is generally considered the fullest collection of 
old specimens of American trees in Germany; and there they thrive re- 
markably well on a loamy soil, in a situation damp but not very wet. Many 
of these trees produce seeds, which are sent to all parts of Germany. 
These trees, we are informed by M. Schoch, the Duke of Dessau’s garden 
director (and the son of the director of the same name who laid out 
and planted the garden), were raised on the spot, from seeds brought from 
England by the Duke Leopold Frederick Francis, who formed the garden 
between the years 1760 and 1770. A minute and accurate account of all the 
trees in the garden has been kindly sent us by M. Schoch, with remarks on 
their different degrees of hardiness, which are very interesting. It appears 
that the cedar of Lebanon, the common laurel, the Portugal laurel, and even 
the spurge laurel, require protection during every winter; and that the Thija 
orientalis, the different varieties of common tree box, the Cratee‘gus Pyracan- 
tha, the common holly, the A‘cer créticum, the Negiéndo, the A2’sculus Pavia 
and flava, the Ailantus glandulosa, the Amygdalus communis, the Céltis Tour- 
neforti#, the Cércis Siliquastrum and canadénsis, the Taxddium distichum, 
the Cytisus Labiirnum, the Castanea vésca, the tulip tree, the JZorus alba and 
nigra, the Broussonétia, the Platanus orientalis, the Caragana arboréscens, 
the Robinia inérmis and viscdsa, the Sophora japonica, and the Salix babylé- 
nica, are all killed down to the surface of the ground when the cold is from 
20° to 25° of Reaumur, but that they spring up again the following year from 
the root. Of this list, those which suffer the least are, the holly, the box, the 
laburnum, the deciduous cypress, and Robinia inérmis. It is to be observed, 
that 25° Reaumur, which is exactly 25° below 0 Fahrenheit, is a degree of 
cold never experienced in any part of either Britain or Ireland, though 
Worlitz is about half a degree south of London, and the whole of Scotland is 
farther north than any part of Germany. Worlitz has been described and 
praised by the Prince de Ligne, and, till within the last twenty years, was con- 
sidered one of the very first places in Germany. A description, at length, of 
these gardens, translated from an account of them published by the present di- 
rector, Schoch, will be found in our Encyclopedia of Gardening, edit. 1835, 
p- 188.; and a particular account of the more remarkable trees that they con- 
tain is given in the Transactions of the Prussian Horticultural Society, vols. iv. 
and y. 
At Schénbrunn, which was planted soon after Schw6bbache, there are se- 
veral fine specimens of trees, and in particular a Salisburia, between 50 ft. and 
60 ft. high, which was received from Loddiges’ Nursery, and planted there 
in 1781 (Jacquin Ueber den Ginkgo, p.3.); a Sophora japonica, between 
80 ft. and 90 ft. high; Liriodéndron Tulipifera, between 70 ft. and 80 ft. 
high; A‘cer striatum, between 30 ft. and 40 ft. high, with a trunk 18 in. in 
diameter; 42’sculus Hippocdstanum, between 90 ft. and 100 ft. high; 
4@, Pavia and AZ. flava, between 30 ft. and 40 ft. high; Kolreutéria, 60 ft. 
high; Robinia Psetd-Acacia, 60 ft. high ; Gleditschia triacanthos, 70 ft. high ; 
Fraxinus /entiscifolia and O’rnus europz‘a, about 40 ft. high ; Catd/pa, be- 
tween 30 ft. and 40 ft. high; Jiglans régia, between 60 ft. and 70 ft. high; 
Populus dilatita, upwards of 90 ft. high; Platanus orientalis, between 70 ft. 
and 80 ft. high; A*‘bies excélsa, 90 ft. high; Larix europea, 60 ft. high. 
The cedar of Lebanon, the Zatrus nébilis, the A’rbutus, the Diospyros, the 
Photinia, the Aristotélia, and some other trees, do not stand the open air at 
Vienna; and some of the magnolias, the Cércis, the Halésia, the Nyssa, the 
fig, and several others, though they stand out, require protection. 
