CHAP. ITI. CONTINENT OF EUROPE. 151 
sylvéstris, Zve‘da, varidbilis; Abies alba, balsamifera, Picea, canadénsis ; 
Larix europz‘a, microcarpa, péndula ; Cupréssus thydides; Thdja australis, 
cupressdides, occidentalis, orientalis; Juniperus communis, Oxycedrus, 
Sabina and var., virginiana; Txus baccita and var. 
Smildcee, Riscus aculeatus, androgynus. 
In Prussia the botanic garden at Berlin contains a very full collection, all 
planted within the last 20 years, and of which an enumeration, kindly sent us 
by M. Otto, will be found in the Gardener’s Magazine, vol. xi. p. 541. In this 
garden Magnolia acuminata is from 20 ft. to 30 ft. high ; and several species or 
varieties of American ash trees, such as F’, amér. expansa, 7’, amer. epiptera, 
F. amer. juglandifolia, and several American oaks, are from 20 to 30 years 
old, and from 25 ft. to 30 ft. high. At Sans Souci there is a collection which 
has been planted from 10 to 50 years, and in which the tulip tree and the horse- 
chestnut, in 45 years, have attained the height of 50 ft.; the Magnolia acu- 
minata, 12 years planted, is only of the height of 6 ft.; Acer rubrum, in 45 
years, has attained the height of 38 ft. ; and Ai/dntus glandulosa, in 30 years, that 
of 20 ft. At the Pfauen Insel there is a good collection, from 40 to 50 years 
planted, among which we observe Magnolia acuminata, 8 years planted, 
18 ft. high; A‘eer eriocarpum, 40 years planted, 50 ft. high; Negéndo fraxini- 
folium, 40 years planted, 40 ft. high; Sophdra japonica, 9 years planted, 12 ft. 
high ; and Platanus orientalis, 42 years planted, and 55 ft. high. The soil of 
these three gardens is a deep sand. Prince Piickler Muskau has a collection 
at Muskau in Silesia, about twenty miles from Dresden; and, according to 
M. Hofman (Gard. Mag., vol. xii.), it contains some fine tulip trees, and 
beeches. The public promenades and squares at Breslau are planted with 
trees, which are placed at a sufficient distance to allow them to attain their 
full size. 
In Bavaria there is an excellent collection in the botanic garden at Munich, 
and also in the royal gardens at Nymphenburg, and in the royal nurseries. 
Considering the elevated situation, unfavourable climate, and very indifferent 
soil, the gardening exertions made at Munich, and the success attending them, 
surpass those of any other government of Germany. Much of this success is 
owing to the skill, industry, and enthusiasm, of the late and present garden 
directors, Charles Sckell,} and Charles Louis Sckell. There is an excellent 
collection of trees and shrubs around the old castle of Heidelberg, and some 
specimens of great antiquity there have been already mentioned. (p. 147.) 
In Saxony there is a collection in the botanic garden at Dresden, planted 
since 1815. There is here, in the royal gardens, the largest standard fig tree 
in Germany ; it is 60 ft. high, with a trunk 18 in. in diameter at one foot from 
the ground. Every year it bears some thousands of figs; but it requires pro- 
tection by a boarded house during winter. In the royal gardens at Pilnitz 
are the largest and oldest camellias in Germany; they form bushes about 
20 ft. high, the stems 4 in. or 5in. thick ; and they are protected in winter by 
a wooden house, in the roof of which are small windows. In the garden of 
Lieutenant Weber, at Dresden, there is an excellent collection of foreign hardy 
shrubs, as well as some enormously large fig trees, which are known to be 
above 200 years old. The beautiful road from Worlitz to Dresden is bordered 
by magnificent oaks, only equalled in Germany by those of the finest parts of 
the Black Forest. 
In Hanover, at Gottingen, there is an excellent collection under the care of 
our esteemed friend and corresponcent M. Fischer, one of the most active 
and zealous garden directors in Germany; there are, also, the collections at 
Schwobber, and the other places already noticed. At Herrenhausen is a rich 
collection of trees and shrubs, planted in 1834 by M. Wendland. At Haroke, 
near Helmstadt, there is avery interesting garden laid out in different scenes, 
which are called Canada, Virginia, &c., from the native countries of the 
trees planted in them; thus forming a kind of geographical garden. (See 
(Gard. Mag., vol. xi. p. 647.) Among these trees are avery large salisburia, 
and many large liriodendrons. One part of the ground is laid out and 
N 
