158 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF TREES. PART I. 
64ft. The A’lnus glutinosa, at 44 years, was 67 ft. in height. A Pépulus 
trémula, of 78 years’ growth, was 74 ft.; and one of 90 years’ growth was 
71ft.; the diameter of the trunk being in the latter case 14 in., and in the 
former 12in. It may be observed of all these trees, that they have stood 
very close together, so that the diameter of the trunk is generally very small 
in comparison with its height. 
The following trees and shrubs are found to stand the open air in the neigh- 
bourhood of Moscow. By comparing this list with that given above of the 
trees and shrubs which will stand the open air in the neighbourhood of St. 
Petersburg, the reader will be able to ascertain what are the very hardiest 
trees and shrubs of temperate climates, and of high latitudes. 
Tiliacea. Tilia europea. ‘* Tilia europz‘a 
probably means 7. parvifdlia, which appears 
the most northern species or variety of Tilia. 
The Flora Mosquensis gives T. parvifdlia ‘in 
sylvis, nemoribusque; ’ 7. grandifdlia, only ‘ ad 
pagos, in hortis;’ while 7. europz‘a is not 
named at all.— H.C. Watson. Feb. 6. 1836.”’ 
Acerinee. A'cer Psetdo-Platanus. 
Hippocastanee. Z:’sculus Hippocastanum. 
nk a ia Euénymus europ‘us and verru- 
cdsus. 
Rhdmnee. Rhamnus catharticus and Fran- 
ula. 
heseneiee. C¥tisus Labfrnum, capitatus, 
ruthénicus, sessilifolius, nigricans ; Caragana 
frutéscens, acutifolia [?], obtusifdlia [?], spi- 
ndsa. 
Amygddlee. Am¥gdalus nana ; Prinus domés- 
tica, spindsa ; Cérasus duracina, avium, Padus. 
Pomdcee. Soérbus aucuparia, domestica, A*ria ; 
Crate‘gus Oxyacantha, tomentdsa, grandi- 
fldra licida, coccinea ovalifdlia, monogyna 5 
Cotoneaster vulgaris; Pyrus melanocarpa, 
comminis, Malus, baccata, prunifdlia, ovalis. 
Caprifoliacee. Cornus alba, sanguinea, sericea ; 
Sambucus racemdsa, nigra; Vibirnum O'pu- 
lus, vOsea, Lantana. 
Oleicee. Fraxinus exceélsior, alba, tomentdsa, 
Eledgnee. Hippophae Rhamndides, Eizagnus 
songarica. 
Ulmacea. U’\mus effisa, campestris, sativa. 
Salictnee. Salix babylénica, and almost all the 
other species; all the species of poplar except 
dilatata. 
Betulinee. Anus incana, glutindsa;. Bétula 
alba, nana, nigra. 
Cupulifere. Corylus Avellana, cornita; Quér- 
cus #dbur. “ Both the British oaks (Q. Robur 
and sessilifildra) are included in the Flora 
Mosquensis. — H. C. Watson. Feb. 6. 1836.” 
Contfere. Juniperus Sabina, Thuja occiden- 
talis ; Pinus sylvestris, Cémbra, Strobus, mon- 
tana ; A’bies excélsa, alba, Pichta, canadensis, 
nigra, rubra, balsamifera; Larix communis. 
Deleuze mentions Dimidow as having the richest botanic garden in Russia, 
and as having sent to the Paris garden many fine trees and shrubs, natives of 
Siberia. Among these were, Caragdna Altagana, C. pygme‘a, and Halimo- 
déndron argénteum. The catalogue of Dimidow’s collection was published 
in 1786, soon after which the proprietor died, and the collection was dis- 
persed. The richest collection in 1814 was that at Gorinki, which suffered 
greatly when the French were in possession of that part of the country, and 
has since been destroyed or neglected. The gardens in the neighbourhood of 
Moscow, though they do not contain a great number of ligneous species, are 
not without some of very considerable size ; more especially the common or 
Scotch pine, the birch, the white poplar, the ash, the common elm, and the 
white willow. This last tree, in the south of Russia, is planted in straight 
lines of apparently interminable lengths, to indicate the road across those 
immense steppes, over which a traveller may proceed a whole day without 
seing any other trace of civilisation than these trees and the post stations. 
At least we found this to be the case in 1814. M. Fintelman, one of the 
imperial gardeners at Moscow, visited Britain during the summer of 1835, 
with a view to add to the collection under his care; and he informed us 
that the proprietors of gardens in his neighbourhood are most assiduous in 
the improvement of their grounds, and are most anxious to plant in them 
every tree and shrub that they think at all likely to endure the climate. _ 
Warsaw, being three degrees further south than Moscow, enjoys a climate 
better adapted for the introduction of foreign trees and shrubs; and a con- 
siderable collection was introduced into the botanic garden there soon after the 
general peace. On looking over the catalogue of this garden, published by 
M. Schubert in 1824, we find that the greater number of trees and shrubs 
which stand the open air in Berlin also do so at Warsaw; but that the Por- 
tugal laurel, the common laurel, the laurustinus, the rhododendron, the tree 
box, the furze, and the broom, are not hardy; and that the ivy and the common 
holly require protection during severe winters. Magnolia tripétala and acu- 
minata stand against a wall, with protection, as does also the tulip tree. 
Cratzgus punctata, orientalis, Cris-galli, pyrifolia, coccinea, cordata, glandu- 
