CHAP. III. CONTINENT OF EUROPE. 161 
Chenopddee. Salséla prostrata. 
Ericdceea. Erica herbacea, arborea; Rhododéndron ferrugineum, hirstitum. 
Composite. Artemisia Abrétanum, Helichrysum Stce‘chas. 
Caprifolidcez. » Lonicera nigra, Xylésteum, alpigena, cerilea; Caprifolium 
etradscum, Sambucus racemosa. 
Cornee. Cornus mas. 
* Ebendcee. Diospyros Lotus. 
* Jasminee. Jasminum officinale. 
* Oleacee. Syringa vulgaris. 
Labiate. Hyssopus officinalis, Lavandula Spica, Tetcrivum montanum, 
Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis. 
Conifere. Pinus Mighus, pumilio, Cémbra; Abies Picea, excélsa; Larix 
europz‘a, Juniperus Sabina, E’phedra distachya. 
An extremely interesting account of the indigenous and exotic trees of 
Switzerland, kindly prepared for us by M. Alphonse De Candolle, will be 
found in the twelfth volume of the Gardener’s Magazine ; and to that we must 
refer for the geographical distribution of the indigenous :species, confining 
here ourselves to an extract from it respecting the more remarkable native 
trees, and those which are exotic. 
The exotic trees cultivated in Switzerland have been introduced by degrees 
as ornamental plants; those now most common are, the horsechestnut, the 
catalpa, the tulip tree, several kinds of limes and maples, and the cedar of 
Lebanon. Till the beginning of the present century these trees were planted 
only by proprietors who had some connexions or commercial dealings with 
other countries, particularly with England. There were scarcely any nursery- 
men or botanic gardens at Zurich, Basle, Geneva, or Berne, but what were 
reduced to confined spots in the interior of the fortified towns, and which, 
consequently, could have little influence on the culture of trees in the 
country. 
This state of things has changed greatly within the last twenty years. The 
new botanic garden of Geneva, planted in 1818, in a less confined situation 
than the old one, and confided to the care of M. De Candolle, has presented 
to the public a numerous collection of trees and shrubs, especially of fruit trees, 
chiefly from the nursery of the Messrs. Baumann at Bollwyller. The sight of 
this garden, which is constantly open to the public, excited the zeal of pro- 
prietors, and soon made them anxious to form plantations of various kinds of 
trees. This gave encouragement to the nurserymen, and their establishments 
became, in consequence, greatly extended, and their number increased. The 
season of peace and security which has followed a long period of war, has pro- 
duced nearly the same result throughout all Switzerland. The number of 
country seats has greatly increased, particularly near the towns, and, more 
especially, in the cantons of Geneva, Vaud, Basle, and Berne; and a number 
of parks and groves have been planted, which now ornament the country. In 
the environs of Geneva, for example, the sale of trees and shrubs is four or five 
times as great now, as it was about twenty years ago. 
The largest nursery in Switzerland at present is supposed to be that of Messrs. 
Dailledouze, at Sacconex, near Geneva, which may be fairly estimated now to 
contain nearly 1000 ligneous species, in the botanic sense of the word species ; 
and above 2000 species and varieties, if we count among the number the prin- 
cipal modifications of fruit trees, roses, and azaleas. The other public and pri- 
vate gardens of Switzerland contain few varieties, especially of the hardy kinds, 
which are not in the nursery of Messrs. Dailledouze. In adding, then, about 
200 species to those which are to be found in this nursery, and counting 
about eighty indigenous ligneous plants, which have not been taken into cul- 
tivation, we shall find that the whole ligneous flora of Switzerland amounts to 
about 1300 species. The result of this approximated calculation shows that, 
from foreign commerce and improved cultivation, five or six times as many 
species of trees and shrubs are now grown in Switzerland, as existed there 
originally. 
"O'S? 
