168 F HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF TREES. PART I. 
Conifere. Pinus Pinea, maritima; A‘bies Picea (Greece); Cupréssus 
sempervirens, lusitanica (* Portugal); Juniperus Oxycedrus, macrocarpa 
(Greece), lycia (Greece), phoenicea (Greece, Portugal), Sabina (Greece, 
Sicily); E’phedra distachya (Greece, Portugal). 
Empétree. Coréma album (Portugal). 
Smildcee. Smilax Aspera (Greece, Sicily), nigra (Greece), excélsa (Greece). 
Asphodélee. Asparagus acutifolius, aphyllus (Greece, Sicily), hdérridus 
(Greece, Sicily), verticillatus (Greece), albus (Portugal, Sicily). 
Bromeliaceze. Agave americana (Portugal, the more southern part of). 
(sicko Phee‘nix dactylifera (Sicily, * Portugal); Chamee‘rops humilis 
icily ). 
Shoaly after this period many foreign trees and shrubs were imported from 
England into the gardens of Signor del Negro of Genoa, and by him distri- 
buted among the amateurs of his neighbourhood. Some account of the 
gardens in which these trees were planted will be found in the Encye, of 
Gard. (edit. 1835), made from our personal observations in 1819. 
Having thus enumerated the species found in all these countries that are 
not indigenous to Britain, we shall subjoin some remarks on the trees and 
shrubs of Italy, of Spain and Portugal, and of Turkey and Modern Greece. 
Sussect. 1. Of the Trees and Shrubs of Italy. 
Tue introduction.of foreign trees and shrubs into Italy, in modern times, 
may date from the discovery of India by the Portuguese in 1494, or, rather, 
from their first settlement at Goa in 1510; from the intercourse of France 
and England with North America in the commencement of the seventeenth 
century; from the settlement at the Cape of Good Hope by the Dutch in 
1650; and, lastly, from the discovery of Australia. From all these countries, 
but chiefly from the last, a number of trees and shrubs have been brought to 
Europe; which, though they require the protection of a green-house in England, 
thrive in the open air in the neighbourhood of Naples, in Sicily, and in warm 
situations about Genoa. Among Indian plants may be mentioned, as growing 
freely in the open air in the south of Italy, the orange and lemon, the Lagerstree*- 
mia indica, the cotton tree, and the cinnamon tree, which attain the height of 
small trees; from Syria,'the Acacia Julibrissin, or silk tree. Among those from 
North America are, the magnolias, and various shrubs from the southern states, 
the agave from Mexico, and the palmetto from Louisiana. Among those from 
the Cape of Good Hope, are all the ligneous Geraniacex, many of the heaths, 
the diosmas, the proteas, the melaleucas, and similar species. From Australia 
there are many trees in Italy, which have already attained a large size; and 
there is scarcely a doubt but that nearly all the ligneous flora of that part of 
the world might be transplanted to Italy, including Sicily, with the most 
perfect success. As a proof of this, we may refer to the dimensions of certain 
Australian trees planted at Caserta, in the neighbourhood of Naples, as given 
in the Gardener’s Magazine, vol. xi. p. 150. and p.481. It appears that 
Eucalyptus robasta attains at Caserta, in a very few years, the height of 100 ft. ; 
Callistémon lophanthus, and Acacia heterophylla, upwards of 50 ft. The 
Magnolia grandiflora has attained the height of nearly 60ft.; the camellia 
25 ft.; and the melaleuca from 25 ft. to 30 ft. In S:cily, we are informed 
by Woods, Hogg, and other travellers, the palm and the Ficus Sycémorus 
grow as freely as in Egypt, the sugar cane and the bamboo nearly as well 
as in the East or West Indies, and the papyrus and the nelumbium suc- 
ceed in the waters. As the warmest parts of Sicily, therefore, admit of 
growing the plants of the warmest parts of Africa in the open air, there can, 
we think, be little hazard in supposing that, between the north of Italy and its 
southern extremities, the ligneous flora of the whole world might, with a very 
little assistance from art, be included. 
The first introduction of foreign trees and shrubs into Lombardy, we are 
informed by Signor Manetti, the director and controller of the viceregal 
gardens at Monza, took place about the year 1770; they were planted by 
