184 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF TREES. PART I. 
when this tree exceeds 6 ft. in diameter, it seldom has a clear bole of above 
10 ft., after which it branches much. Almost the whole of the large trunks 
are hollow. Along the banks of the lake, extending both ways from Goderich, 
we observed white American spruces (A‘bies alba); but none of them ex- 
ceeded 60 ft. in height, and 3 ft. in cireumference. 
“ Just before entering the St. Clair river from Lake Huron, lofty white pines 
are seen towering on both sides; but, on entering the river, they entirely dis- 
appear on the Canada side, although, on the UnitedStates side, they continue 
for many miles; and a river, which runs into the St. Clair on that side, has, 
from the quantity of pines found upon its banks, been named the White Pine 
River. No very large trees are seen on the banks of the St. Clair, but, on 
getting back into the country, oaks, elms, limés, and walnuts abound. On 
the banks of the river, all the way down, many dwarf kinds of shrubby plants 
adorn its edges. Of these, the different kinds of plums and cherries, with the 
sweet-scented crab apple, and a variety of thorns, form the chief objects; but 
what was most gratifying to us, was the great abundance of stag’s-horn 
sumach (his typhina var. élegans), now loaded with large heads of scarlet 
fruit. 
“ Crossing Lake Erie to Cleveland, United States, we have, in addition to 
the ordinary forest scenery, some fine specimens of tulip trees, Ladrus Sés- 
safras, and cucumber trees (Magnolia acuminata)» The stems of the latter 
~did not exceed 2 ft. in circumference. Passing through the interior of the 
country to Pittsburg, the surface was very irregular. The principal native 
tree on this line of road was the beech, which was seen spread over an ex- 
tended plain, containing many fine trees. There was also an extensive forest 
of the larch ; and, in similar situations to those before mentioned, bordering all 
the mixed woods as we proceeded along, was the dogwood tree @Cérnus 
florida). These trees, having taken on their autumnal hue (Sth September, 
1834), were rendered beautiful in consequence. Of this fine tree, none had 
been seen since leaving New York till now; and from this place it continued 
to be more or less plentiful, in the different routes which we took, till we 
reached New York again. It was much talked of by the inhabitants, and 
praised, on account of its profusion of large white blossoms early in spring, 
and its dark red leaves and scarlet fruit in the fall, or autumn. Before enter- 
ing Pittsburg, the sloping wooded banks by the river side presented a rich 
appearance, from the quantities of rhododendrons, kalmias, azaleas, and an- 
dromedas, which covered them as underwood. ‘The large trees were much 
the same as those before mentioned, with the addition of the chestnut-leayed 
oak and red maple (A‘cer rubrum), of which last some few trees on the banks 
of the Ohio river, near Pittsburg, measured 12ft. in circumference. There 
were likewise some large natural trees of the honey locust. 
“We left Pittsburg for Philadelphia by way of the Alleghany Mountaims. 
On these the natural grouping of the trees and shrubs was most remarkable. 
On our first approach to these mountains, we observed the hemlock spruce, 
of various sizes, covering the banks, having the Rhododéndron catawbiénse, 
and Kalmia latifolia as underwood. Proceeding up the mountain, large traets 
of sweet chestnuts are passed through. Above this, extensive forests of oak ; 
and on the highest summits, all over the mountains, were scraggy trees of the 
Pinus rigida, or pitch pine, with dwarf shrub oaks as underwood. On cross- 
ing the different summits, it was curious to see the same arrangement throughout 
on either side, Having remained for several days on these mountains, our 
attention was very much taken up with the great natural forests situated on 
the extended plains between the highest sammits. When any one species of 
a tree is met with, acres of the same are generally seen together. In this way 
we continued to pass through successive masses of a series of trees, of the 
various pines, magnolias, walnuts, poplars, and sour gums, or tupelo trees 
(Nyssa villosa and sylvatica), &c. All of these grow im deep rich soil, with 
the exception of the pitch pine, which was seen on the mountain tops ; and, on 
poor rocky ground, at different elevations, throughout the mountains, the 
“ Pi 
