CHAP. IV. ASIA, AFRICA, AMERICA, AUSTRALIA, 185 
Pinus inops, pingens, and Tve‘da are seen; and on more fertile sheltered 
situations we find the Canadian Judas tree (Cércis canadénsis), LaGrus Ben- 
zoin and Sassafras, Euénymus atro-purpireus, with nettle trees, witch hazels, 
and mulberries ; also a vast variety of other dwarf-growing trees and shrubs.” 
(Quart. Journ. of Ag., vol. v. p. 605.) These observations of Mr. Brown and 
Mr. Macnab are well calculated to give an arborieulturist an idea of what he 
might expect to meet with, in travelling in the northern states of North 
America. Those who have leisure to pursue the subject, and who wish to 
form an idea of the scenery of the southern states, may consult Bartram’s 
Travels, already referred to p.86.; Dwight’s Travels in New England ; and 
some interesting articles communicated by American correspondents to the 
Magazine of Natural History, more particularly in vol. vi. p. 97. and vol. viii. 
p- 529. , 
We include Mexico in North America, and have great hopes that some 
additions may be made to the British arboretum, from the mountainous 
regions of that extensive country. Some magnificent specimens of Confferz 
are said to exist in it, particularly an evergreen taxodium of enormous height. 
Dr. Coulter, it is believed, has discovered several new species of pines and 
firs, which are likely to prove hardy in Britain, as are almost all the resinous 
trees of other countries. 
Sugsect.2. Of the Indigenous and Foreign Trees and Shrubs of South 
America. 
Tue trees and shrubs furnished by South America to the British flora are 
only 22: nor can it be supposed that that number will be materially increased, 
the botany of the country having been very generally explored by different 
botanists. Our hopes are chiefly from the temperate zones of the loftier 
mountains, and from the shores of the sea and the larger rivers. Mr. Mathews, 
who has been several years in South America as a natural history collector, 
speaks of lofty mountain ranges covered with forests, which have never 
yet been penetrated by civilised man. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xi. p. 636.) The 
ligneous vegetation, however, of South America appears to be much less varied 
than that of North America, and to consist chiefly, in the warmer parts of the 
country, of palms, and in the more temperate regions, of pines, firs, and other 
Coniferze. 
With respect to the introduction into South America of trees and shrubs 
which are foreign to it, we find that the same tendency to equalisation of pro- 
ducts has taken place here, as has been the case everywhere else where civilised 
man has established himself. European and North American trees and shrubs 
are to be found more or less in the government gardens of Rio de Janeiro, 
Buenos Ayres, the Caraccas, and other places, and in the gardens of old 
established European merchants and government officers. The tea shrubs of 
China, the muiberry, the mango of India, the peach of Persia, the pine-apple 
of Africa, properly a ligneous plant, and the apple of Europe, are all to be 
found in the neighbourhood of Rio, 
Sect. 1V. Of the Indigenous and Foreign Trees and Shrubs of 
Australia and Polynesia. 
Tue British arboretum has not yet received many additions from these ex~ 
tensive and little known regions; nor can it be conjectured whether they are 
likely to contain much that is suitable for our purpose, till something more is 
known respecting the height of the mountains in the interiors of the islands, 
especially of that of New Zealand. Very few ligneous plants have hitherto 
been introduced from the latter country ; but, if, as there is reason to believe, 
the interior consists of a chain of mountains with their summits buried in per- 
petual snow, we may hope to reap a considerable harvest when they‘have been 
explored by botanists, Something also may reasonably be expected from Van 
