PART. II. 
OF THE SCIENCE OF THE STUDY OF TREES. 
Tue subject of trees, like every other subject, to be studied in the best man- 
ner, must be studied according to some methodical arrangement ; and it is the 
purpose of this part of our work to lay down an outline of that method which 
we consider the best. By including in such an outline every particular which 
ought to be taken into consideration in the study of trees, we shall be the less 
likely to omit any of these particulars in giving the description and history of 
individual species ; and the reader, also, will profit by having his attention pre- 
viously directed to what this history and description ought to contain. 
Trees may be studied both as individual objects, and as connected with 
other objects. As individual objects, they may be considered pictorially, or as 
component parts of the general scenery of a country; and botanically, as 
organised beings. As objects connected with others, trees may be studied with 
reference to nature, animate and inanimate, which may be considered as their 
natural history ; and with reference to man in a state of civilisation, which may 
be called their economical history. We shall devote a short chapter to each 
of these subjects, and in a concluding one give a summary of the whole. 
CHAP. I. 
OF THE STUDY OF TREES PICTORIALLY, OR AS COMPONENT PARTS OF 
GENERAL SCENERY. 
Tue study of trees, as component parts of landscape, may be carried on with 
very little knowledge of either their natural or their economical history ; and, 
indeed, with less knowledge of any other objects or sciences, than most studies. 
Experience proves that a man may exce! as a graphic artist with very little 
knowledge beyond his art; but, at the same time, it is also found, from expe- 
rience, that all the greatest artists have been, more or less, philosophers; and 
hence, though a knowledge of the natural and economical history of trees may 
not be essential for the artist who studies them pictorially, it will yet be found 
to render him material assistance. 
The subject of this chapter naturally divides itself into the study of the forms 
of trees and shrubs; the study of their character and expression; and the art 
of delineating them pictorially. 
Secr.I. Of the Study of the Forms of Trees and Shrubs. 
Tue first quality in a tree which will strike a general observer, coming to 
the study with only a few notions relative to form, will be its bulk, or the space 
that it occupies in the landscape which meets his eye. This bulk, or mag- 
nitude, resolves itself into height and width; and the consideration which 
immediately follows is, the outline that the tree makes against the sky, or 
against any other object which appears behind it. The next points that will 
probably attract notice are, the colour of the tree,‘and the degree of brillianey 
of the lights which appear on its masses. Subsequently, the attention may be 
drawn to the trunk of the tree: for example, to observe whether it appears to 
be adequate to the support of the head; whether the head appears equally 
balanced on it; and whether it stands perpendicularly, or obliquely, to the sur- 
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