CHAP. I. AS COMPONENT PARTS OF GENERAL SCENERY. 209 
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lines of the masses, in the slight but accurate manner shown in fig. 5., which 
is the commencement of a portrait of a young oak: he will then indicate the 
trunk, and its manner of rising from the ground; as whether perpendicular or 
inclined, and whether it tapers much or little. All the principal branches of 
the trees, visible through the leaves, should also be slightly indicated, as shown 
in the commencement of a portrait of Cérasus Padus, in fig. 6. This being 
done, the next step is to fill in the details of the leafing, the commencement 
of which, at the tops of the two trees, is indicated in figs. 7. and 8.; and, 
when this is effected for the entire trees, these two sketches only require the 
botanical details placed under them, to assume the appearance of the oak 
(Quércus pedunculata) and the bird-cherry (Cérasus Padus) given in their 
proper places in the series of plates forming our second volume. 
The only point which remains to be considered is, that of drawing the bota- 
nical specimens. These, in the plates which form our second volume, are all given 
to one and the same scale; viz. 2in, toa foot, They ought to be drawn by the 
artist in a book by themselves, and not on the same page with the portrait of 
the tree, for various reasons. In the first place, because these specimens 
require to be drawn at three different seasons: viz. when they are in flower ; 
R 2 
