266 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
treated in this manner, will remain for several years before the roots strike 
into the adjoining soil. If the Exmouth variety of this species be made choice 
of, layers will produce flowers in a year or two after being separated from the 
parent plant, if kept in pots; but, when they are planted out, and grow freely, 
so as to make shoots 2 ft. or 3 ft. every season, they will probably not flower 
for three or four years. Whether the tree be against a wall or trellis, or treated 
as a standard, all the pruning it will require, after it has begun to grow freely, 
will be, to cut out the stumps from which the flowers or the strobiles 
have dropped off, and any dead or decay- 
ing wood, and any branches which cross 
‘and rub on each other. For a few years after 
‘being planted as a standard, it may be advisa- 
ble to form a small cone of thatch, litter, 
leaves, or spruce fir branches, round the stem, 
as practised by M. Boursault in Paris, and 
exhibited in fig. 33. M. Boursault found 
that, by this kind of protection, he could 
grow the magnolia, and various other exotics, 
as standards, to a size which had never be- 
fore been seen in Paris (See Gard. Mag., ii. 
p- 63.) Magnolias against a wall require very 
little protection, even when young ; and this 
can easily be given by mulching the ground 
at the roots, and covering their branches with 
a mat, or with the fronds of the spruce fir. 
Statistics. Magnolia grandiflora in the Environs of London. At Syon, 50 years planted, 25 ft. 
high ; at Chiswick, 30 years planted, 15 ft. high ; in a garden at Isleworth, 20 ft, high; at Fulham 
palace, M. g. exoniénsis 8 years planted, 15 ft. high: these are all standards. There are numerous 
instances of this species, or its different varieties, planted against walls in the neighbourhood of 
London, attaining the height of 20ft., reaching above the wall, and extending 15 ft. or 20 ft. on each 
side of the main stem. Among the most remarkable may be cited, the magnolias in the botanic 
garden at Kew, those at Purser’s Cross, and at Harringay ; at which last place there is one, 20 years 
planted, which is 20 ft. high. 
Magnilia grandiflira South of London. As standards, the largest areat Powderham Castle, and at 
Coombe, near Plymouth ; at both places upwards of 30 ft. high : at Saltram, 60 years planted, 25 ft. high : 
at Killerton, 18 years planted, the Exmouth variety has attained the height of 23 ft., and flowers nine 
months in the year. At Eastwell Park, in Kent, 6 trees of M. g. obovata, 20 years planted, have at- 
tained the height of 25ft. Examples of Magnolia grandifldra against a wall, growing vigorously, and 
flowering freely, might be given by hundreds. The most remarkable are those at White Knights, see 
p. 217. and'p. 265. The wall was planted in 1800, with twenty-two plants, which cost six guineas each. 
They were placed in a prepared border, 12 ft. wide, and 6 ft. deep, the soil being a mixture of sand, vege- 
table mould, and loam ; and the subsoil a retentive loam. The trunks of the trees, in 1835, were from 
5 in, to7 in. in diameter; and the plants produce flowers every year, from the beginning of June till 
they are checked by frost. At Sandown Place, in Surrey, there is a Magndlia grandiflora trained 
‘against a house, 40 ft. high; at Farnham Castle, there is one against a wall, 20 ft. high ; at Leigh 
Court, in Somersetshire, there is one against a wall, 20 ft. high; at Cowdray, in Sussex, one 24 ft. 
high ; and at Bowood, in Wiltshire, one 25 ft. high, 
Magnilia grandiflora North of London. In Hertfordshire, at Hatfield, against a wall, there is a tree 
90 ft. high ; and, at Wormleybury, one 30 years planted, 24 ft. high ; at Golden Grove, in Pembroke- 
shire, one 12 ft. high, as a standard ; at Whitley Abbey, in Warwickshire, there is one 17 ft. high 
as a standard; and in Worcestershire, at Croome, against a wall, one 35 ft. high. i 
Magnilia grandiflora im Scotland. In the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, 12 ft. high, against a 
wall ; at Dalkeith Palace, 10 ft, high, against a wall ; in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, only a few feet 
high, and requiring protection during the winter. At Thainston, and other places in Aberdeenshire, 
from 6 to 10 ft. high. - 
Magnolia grandiflora in Ireland. In the Collingswood Nursery, near Dublin, 20 years planted, 
and 17 ft. high; against a wall, flowering freely every year. In the Trinity College Botanic 
Garden, 22 years planted, and 10 ft. high. In Ireland generally, the Magndléa grandifldra grows 
much better than in Scotland, or in the north of England ; but the dimensions which have been sent 
to us are all of young trees ; for it has not been long the custom in Ireland to plant any trees 
against walls, except those bearing fruit. 
Magnilia grandifldra_in Foreign Countries. In France, the best collection of varieties of this 
species was formerly at M. Boursault’s (Gard. Mag., ii. p. 63.); and is now at Admiral Tchitchagoff’s, at 
Scéaux, where the highest standard plants, about 15 years planted, are 20 ft. high. The largest trees 
in France appear to be at Maillardiére, near Nantes, where, besides the parent tree already mentioned 
(p. 263.), there are others, varying from 30 ft. to 45 ft. in height, which have been planted from 50 . 
to 80 years. In the Botanic Garden at Toulon there is a tree, 18 years planted, which is 20 ft. 
high. In Belgium and Holland, the M. grandiflora is trained against a wall, and protected during 
winter, or treated as a conservatory plant, as it is in the greater part of Germany, Denmark, 
Sweden, and Russia, except in the Crimea, where, as we have seen (p. 159.), there are some large 
specimens, as standards, in the ones air. In Italy, there are a greater number of fine specimens of 
this tree than there are in any other country in Hurope 5 as may be seen by referring to p. 168. and 
p. 169. The highest trees appear to be those in the botanic garden at Padua, and in the English 
garden at Caserta, which have attained the height of 60 ft. The tree of this species in the botanic 
garden at Pisa, as.we have seen (p, 169.), ripened seeds many years ago, : 
