CHAP. IIT. “MAGNOLIA CE. MAGNOLIA. 269 
_ Statistics. Magnolia glaica in Great Britain. This species is by no means un- 
common, but always as a standard, and, when in a thriving state, in moist peat 
soil. The largest tree in the neighbourhood of London is that at Syon, figured 
in our Second Volume. There are in Thompson’s Nursery, at Mile End, va- 
rious specimens from 17 ft. to 20 ft.in height; and one of the var. Thompsonidna 
still higher. There is one at Kew, 30 years planted, which is 20 ft. high; one of 
the same age and height at White Knights, and another in the Killerton Nursery; 
one at Cobham Hall, Kert, 25 years planted, and 25 ft. high. At Woburn Farm, 
Chertsey, there was formerly a row of trees of this species 20 ft. high, and nearly 
a century old, which were cut down when the new house was built. (J. JZ, in 
Gent. Mag., new series, vol. iii. p. 226.) At Alton Towers, in Staffordshire, 
the tree has attained the height of 12 ft. in 10 years; and at Croome, in 
Worcestershire, 15 ft. in 25 years. At Cownan House, in Cromarty, in lat. 
55° 35”, and 161 ft. above the level of the sea, young plants were growing 
freely in 1835. At Oriel Temple, near Dublin, trees 10 years planted have 
attained the height of 11 ft. 
Magnolia glaica in foreign countries. Ya France this species is not very 
abundant, from the great heat of the summers, and the general dryness of the 
air; but, in some shaded moist situations at Versailles and the Petit Trianon, 
it has attained the height of 15ft. There are trees of most of the varieties, 
of from 10 ft. to 12 ft. in height, at Scéaux and at Fromont, and small plants 
in many of the botanic gardens both of France and Germany. In Belgium 
there are trees upwards of 15 ft. high in various private gardens, and of a 
smaller size in the botanic garden at Ghent, and in the grounds of the palace 
of Licken. In the north of Germany, and in Sweden and Russia, it is a 
green-house plant; and, though it is to be found in the south of Europe in most 
of the botanic gardens and best private collections, yet, owing to the heat and 
dryness of the air, it does not thrive in these countries. M. glatica, and all its 
varieties, will be found at Monza. 
Commercial Statistics. Plants for sale, whether seedlings or layers, are ge- 
nerally kept in pots. The price, in the London nurseries, is 2s. 6d. each; at 
Bollwyller, 10 francs; andin New York, 12 dollars per hundred, or 14 cents 
each, and 2 dollars 75 cents per quart of seed. In London the seed is sold 
by Charlwood for 1s. 6d. an ounce. 
* 3. Macno‘im4 rripe’raLa L. The three-petaled Magnolia. 
Identification. Lin. Sp., 2. p. 756.; Willd. Baum., 231, ; Pursh, 2. p. 381. ; Michx., 3. p. 90. 
Synonymes. M. umbrélla Lam., Nouv. Duh., Dec. Prod.,_Don’s Mill.; M. fronddsa_Salisb.; the 
Umbrella Tree; Umbrella Magnolia; Elkwood; Magnolie Parasol and Arbre Parasol, Fr. ; 
dreyblattriger Bieberbaum, dreiblattrige Magnolie, Ger. ; 
Derivations. This species is called the Umbrella Tree, according to Michaux, because its leaves, 
which are thin, oval, entire, and acuminate at both extremities, 18 in. or 20 in. long, and 7 in. or 8 in. 
broad, are often disposed in rays at the extremity of vigorous shoots; and these display a surface 
of 23 ft. in diameter, in the form of an umbrella. The tree is called Elkwood in the mountains of 
Virginia, probably from the resemblance which the points of the shoots bear to the horns of the elk. 
The French names merely signify Umbrella Tree, and the German ones the three-petaled Beaver 
Tree, or Magnolia. 
Engravings. Michx. Arb., 3. t. 5.; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 418. ; Otto., t. 18. ; Nouv. Duh.; and the plate 
of this species in our Vol. II. 
Spec. Char. Deciduous. Leaves lanceolate, spreading, adult ones smooth, 
younger ones pubescent underneath. Petals 9—12, exterior ones pendent. 
(Don’s Miil.,i. p.83.) North America. Flowers white. In May and June. 
1752. Height 30 ft. 
Description. This tree, both in America and Europe, is remarkable for the 
largeness of its leaves, and its flowers. The wood is spongy, brittle, with a 
large pith, soft, porous, and of very little use. The bark upon the trunk is 
grey, smooth, and polished; and, if cut while green, it exhales a disagreeable 
odour. In Britain the tree sends up various shoots from the root, to replace 
the stems, which are seldom of long duration; so that a plant that has stood 
thirty or forty years in one spot has had its stems several times renewed 
during that period. In America it seldom exceeds the height of 35 ft.; and, in 
England, 36 ft. is the greatest height that it has yet attained. The trunk, in 
both countries, is from 5 in. to 6 in, in diameter. The stem is seldom erect 
