CHAP, II. MAGNOLIA CEE. MAGNOLIA. 271 
standard in the open air; and in the north of Germany, and in Denmark and 
Sweden, as a green-house plant. It is also in botanic gardens of the south of 
Italy, but it does not thrive there. Some of the finest trees of this species 
in Italy are at Monza. 
% 4. M. macropny’LtLa Mz. The long-leaved Magnolia. 
erty ation. Mich, Bor. Amer., 1. p. 327.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 80.; Hayne Dend., p. 117.; Don’s 
ill. 1. p. 83. 
Synonymes Large-leaved Umbrella Tree, Amer. ; Magnd)ia Michatxéi Hort. ; Magnolier 4 grandes 
Feuilles, Magnolier bannanier, Fr. ; grosseblattrige Bieberbaum, Ger. 
Engravings. Bot. Mag., 2189.; E. of Pl., 7915. ; and our plate in Vol. I. 
Spec. Char. Deciduous. Leaves very large, oblong-obovate, somewhat pandu- 
riform, cordate at the base, under surface whitish, glaucous. Petals 6—9, 
ovate. (Don’s Mill., i. p. 83.) A tree of the middle size. North America. 
Flowers white. Juneand July. 1800. Height 35 ft. 
Description. The general appearance of this tree, Michaux observes, greatly 
resembles that of M. tripétala. The terminal arrangement of the leaves is 
the same, and it is remarkable that the two trees are almost always found 
together. In point of size, it exceeds the M. tripétala, both in its leaves and 
general height; but it is seldom found higher than 35 ft., which exceeds the 
height of the other by a sixth part only. The body of the tree is covered 
with asmooth and very white bark, by which, in the winter, when stripped of 
its leaves, it is readily distinguished from M. tripétala. At this season, also, it 
may be distinguished by its buds, which are compressed and covered with a 
soft and silvery down; whereas in M. tripétala they are prominent and 
rounded at the end. The leaves, in its native country, are 35 in. long, and 
9 in. or 10in. broad; and in vigorous plants, in England, they sometimes even 
exceed these dimensions. They are borne on petioles, short in comparison 
with the size of the leaves, and are of an oblong oval shape, pointed at the 
extremity, and cordiform at the base: their colour is light green above, and 
glaucous beneath. The flowers are white, and larger than those of any other 
species of magnolia; for, when fully blown, they are sometimes 8 in. or 9 in. 
in diameter: they are composed of six petals, longer and broader than those of 
the umbrella tree. Within the flower, near the bottom of the petals, is a purple 
spot, 7 or 8 lines in diameter. The flowers diffuse a fragrant odour, and their 
beauty is heightened by the luxuriant foliage which surrounds them. The 
fruit is about 4in.long, nearly cylindrical, and of a vivid rose-colour when ar- 
rived at maturity. In the arrangement of the carpels and of the seeds, the fruit 
resemble those of M. tripétala and M. acuminata; it should be remarked, 
however, that it is destitute of the appendages visible on that of the last-men- 
tioned species, especially when it is dry. The seeds of the large-leaved um- 
brella tree require, in order to preserve their power of germination, the same 
attention as those of the preceding species. (Michr.) The stipules, in this 
species, and the manner in which they envelope the unexpanded leaves, are 
interesting subjects of observation, more especially when the leaves are 
emerging from the bud. The stipules are large, and placed mainly upon 
etioles of the leaves; yet the office of the stipules borne by the petiole ofany 
leaf is not to envelope and protect that leat, but the leaf next inward to it. 
The outermost wrappers of the leaf-buds are (as examination will show) 
stipules upon the rudiments of petioles. Young plants of this species grow 
very slowly till they are thorougly established, which will require, in general, 
two years. The year’s shoots may then be from | ft. to 2 ft.; so that in ten 
years a plant may attain the height of 12 ft. or 15 ft. It may be considered 
a short-lived tree, and, like all such, it comes into flower when young. The 
largest tree of this species, in England, is 28 ft. 6 in. high. 
Geography. This is the rarest of the American species of magnolia, It 
was generally confounded by the native collectors with the Magnolia tripétala, 
till separated from it by Michaux, by whom it was discovered in 1789, in the 
mountainous regions of North Carolina, 10 miles south of Lincoln town, and 
250 miles from Charleston. Extensive researches made in quest of it, in the 
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