CHTAP. IIT. MAGNOLIA CEE. LIRIODE’NDRON. 289 
in the alluvial plains on the margins of rivers, and on the borders of swamps. 
Like almost all other trees, however, it will grow on soils of different descrip- 
tions, and have its timber and other properties more or less affected by the cir- 
cumstances in which it is placed. In deep rich soil, the wood is yellow and 
heavy ; in dry gravelly soil, on an elevated situation, it is white, light, coarse, 
hard, and decays more readily than the wood which has grown on rich soil. 
According to Du Hamel, it neither thrives in France on a dry and gravelly 
soil, nor on one with the subsoil of clay or marl. The most rapid-growing 
young tulip trees which we have heard of in England were planted in a deep 
sandy loam, in a rather moist climate, in the West Riding of Yorkshire ; and 
the progress of these has been at the rate of 16 ft. in 10 years, from the seed. — 
(See Gard. Mag., vol. xi. p. 250.) The situation most favourable for the tulip 
tree is one which, while it is sheltered from high winds, is, at the same time, 
sufficiently exposed to the light and air to admit of the maturation of its leaves 
on every side, and the perfect ripening of its wood, without which it can 
neither resist the severe frosts of winter, nor form blossom-buds. If it were 
desired to grow the tree for the purpose of forming straight clean timber, it 
ought to be placed in a close plantation, where one plant would draw up 
another. 
Propagation and Culture. The species is seldom, if ever, propagated other- 
wise than by seeds, which come up best in heath soil, very fine mould, or sandy 
loam, in a shady situation, kept rather moist ; but the varieties are, of course, 
multiplied by layers, budding, grafting, or inarching. When the seeds are sown 
in autumn, they generally come up the following spring; but, sown in spring 
or the beginning of summer, they generally remain a year in theground. For- 
merly, nurserymen used to raise them on heat ; by which means spring-sown 
seeds came up the succeeding summer. In France, and, occasionally, in Eng- 
land, the obtuse-lobed variety is raised by layers or inarching ; but, in either 
case, it requires two or three years before the plants can be separated from the 
parent stock. The tulip tree, like the magnolias, having roots furnished with 
but few fibres, does not transplant readily; and, therefore, the plants ought 
either to be kept in pots, or, if in the free ground, transplanted in the nursery 
every year; or, if neither of these modes be practicable, removed to their final 
situation, when not more than two, or at most three, years old. The tree is, 
like the magnolias, not very patient of the knife, either in a young or in an 
old state; and, from the bitter qualities of the leaves, it does not seem to 
be much attacked by insects. 
Geographical Statistics. Liriodéndron Tulipifcra in the Environs of London. 
The largest tulip tree that we have seen in the neighbourhood of London is at 
Syon, where, in about 70 years, it has attained the height of 76 ft. The trunk, 
at 1 ft. from the ground, measures 2 ft. 6 in. in diameter ; and the diameter of 
the space covered by the branches is 46 ft. (See the plate of this tree in 
our Vol. II.) The next largest tree is at Mount Grove, Hampstead, the resi- 
dence of T. N. Longman, Esq., 80 years planted, 70 ft. high, the diameter of the 
trunk is 3 ft. 10 in., and that of the head 49 ft. The oldest tree, estimated at 
150 years, is at Fulham Palace: it is 55 ft. high; the trunk, at 1 ft. from the 
round, is 3 ft.in diameter; and the head, which isin a decaying state, is 25 ft. 
in diameter. In the arboretum at Kew, there is a tree 60 years planted, which 
is 70 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk is 2 ft.8in.; and that of the space 
covered by the branches is 35 ft. All these trees flower freely every year, and, 
in fine seasons, ripen some seeds. 
Liriodéndron Tulipifera South of London. The dimensions of a great number 
of specimens have been sent us, from which we select the following, partly to 
show the rate of growth, and partly to show the ultimate magnitude. In 
Berkshire, at High Clere, 14 years planted and 28 ft. high, in an exposed 
situation, 500 ft. above the level of the sea. In Cornwall, at Port Elliot, 80 
years planted and 60 ft. high ; and at Carclew, 40 years planted and 60 ft. high. 
In Devonshire, at Killerton, 70 years planted and 63 ft. high; and in the Kil- 
lerton Nursery, 22 years planted and 37 ft. 6 in. high ; at Luscombe, 21 years 
Yas 
